Iranian Studies

Abstract This article is concerned with a comparative review of Jahân-Nâme   by Mohammad bin Najib Bakran and manuscripts of Masâlek va Mamâlek by Abu al-Hasan Sâʽid bin Ali Jurjâni written by during the middle of ninth century AH. From this review it becomes clear that Jorjâniʼs main source in writing his book was Jahân-Nâme and therefore Jahân-Nâme is also a good source for editing the Masâlek.  However, the manuscripts of his Masâlek at our hand are by far more than the manuscripts of Jahân-Nâme, and this help us to correct some of errors  occurred in editing of  Jahân-Nâme.  

Abstract Despite the few data about Mardâs in Shâhnâme, the very high attention of scholars to him and his name is indebted to the importance of his son, Zahhâk, in Iranian mythology. The lack of any information about this personality in Avesta, ambiguity of written forms of his name in Pahlavi script in middle Persian texts, multiplicity of the recorded forms in Islamic texts and also the similarity of the written and probably phonetic forms of this name in Shâhnâme and the Arabic personal name are the issues which make Mardâs and his name more and more ambiguous. In Vedic myths Zahhâkʼs equivalent is viśvarūpa. This latterʼs father, tvaṣṭṛ, is a deity. The vast mythology of this god can partly compensate our lack of information about Mardâs. In this article attempts has been made to provide a more precise view about Mardâs and his name by reviewing the data related to this person in Vedic texts on the one hand and surveying the recorded forms in middle Persian and Islamic texts and also by criticizing the previous views.

Abstract Sheikh Shihâb Al-Din, Abu Abdullâh, and Fadhl-allâh Turan-Poshti is one of
the Muhaddithes andFaqihs in the 7^th A.H.
He is from Turan-Poshtwhich is one of the
villages located in Yazd. There is not sufficient information of his early
lifetime. He used to live in Shiraz under FarsAtabegs` protectionand was later on requested by TarkanKhatunto commence teaching at
Tarkani School in Kerman. In this article we aimat clarifying different periods of his life,
education, his relationship to authority and his belief tendencies based on
Persian and Arabic sources and finally we have done a survey in his works and
his remaining manuscripts.

Abstract Iran and Turkey witnessed deep and broad social changes in an effort to Modernization in the first half of 20^th century. The social changes had wide-ranging consequences, including personal and psychological effects. The purpose of this paper is a psychoanalytic study of two short stories written by two prominent Iranian and Turkish writers, Sadeq Hedayat (1903-1951) and Sait Faik Abasıyanık (1906-1954) for investigating the psychological impact of social changes on their characters. The themes of isolation, reclusiveness and return to womb in the short stories The Dark Room by Hedayat and A Dot on the Map by Abasıyanık examined by means of the defense mechanism of “regression”.

Abstract The round city of Ardeshir Khwarah, with its concentric layout, can be considered as the first city which established by the founder of the Sasanian dynasty as a symbol of the Sasanian royal ideology. Ardeshir Khwarah plays a key role in establishment of Sasanian sovereignty and urban planning. However, a little is known about the history of the city. It seems even stranger if we consider the reports of the early Islamic geographers and historians, recording that the city was flourishing until 5th century A.H. Now lots of questions can be posed about the city. What kind of information can be extracted from historical written sources concerning the reason and process of formation, thriving and abandonment of the city? In other word, how the city has changed during the transitional period from Sasanian to Islamic period? Based on the historical sources, the present paper deals with the historical identity of the city and its spatial order and functional characters.

Abstract An Examination of historical text and archaeological data show that Mehrjanqadhaq was one of the important states of western Iran which had been founded and formed in a region now known as Darreshsher or more exactly in Saimara valley. The history of the state goes back to Parthian era. Archaeological data in confirmation of historical texts both indicate settlement sequence form Parthian era to fourth century A.H. in Saimara valley and show that this region flourished especially at third and fourth century A.H. Ceramic samples, which discovered in the course of archaeological excavations, chronologically, do not go forward then fourth century A.H. Therefore, we can say that Merhrjanqadhaq was deserted at fourth century A.H, which is also confirmed with historical records, which point to earthquake and flood occurrence as well as cholera epidemy at this century. On the other hand, the same historical and archaeological data and the situations and extent of ancient Darreshahr suggest that this site is the same as Saimara city, center of Mehrjanqadhaq state.

Abstract Cultural communications among nations consist of various subjects and architectural art styles are the most distinct and recognized subjects in this area of studding. The republic of Dagestan in south of Russian Federation, not only from the past has cultural and historical relation with Iran, but also CT located in the Historical geography of cultural Iran. This relationship was more due to the political and social domination of Iran from Sassanian period till Tsar’s reign in 19_th century. This land is close to Northern provinces of Iran, Gilan and Mazandaran. Dagestan has so many cultural interrelationships with these provinces. In the province of Mazandaran very special architectural art style could be observed which is comparable and similar with religious monuments in south Dagestan. These similarities could be seen on wooden decorations such as on columns and windows, painting on roof and walls, plan of the buildings. In this article has been tried to focus on these similarities and compare two styles. 

Abstract The statesmen of the First Pahlavi formulated strategies for the economic renovation based on the export potential. Before that, the harbor of Busher had a central place in foreign trade of the country due to having harbor infrastructure, proximity to economic centers and the fact that many merchants lived there. After the implementation of the new plan the Khuzestan area became the main center of trade in the Persian Gulf region. These plans included the building of new roads and rail way, the population increase in urban centers and institution of new harbor facilities in Khuzestan. The Busher harbor which was not able to compete lost its importance gradually. This research studies how and under what circumstances the Busher harbor lost its importance in trade and examines the theory that the reason lies in new economic strategies of the first Pahlavi's.