نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

• نورالدین نعمتی ¹
• جمال پیره مرد شتربان ²

¹ دانشیار گروه تاریخ دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران.

² دانشجوی دکتری تاریخ ایران دوره اسلامی دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران.

چکیده

جنبش مشروطه یکی از سرنوشت‌سازترین رویدادهای تاریخ ایران است. از پیامدهای مشروطیت، شکل‌گیری انجمن‌هایی بود که در مسیر حمایت یا نقد مشروطه گام برداشتند. «انجمن اسلامیه»ی تبریز از همین تشکل‌ها بود که در سال 1326 قمری به کوشش گروهی از روحانیان تبریز، ازجمله میرهاشم دَوه‌چی، در مجاورت دروازۀ «سُرخاب» و کوی «دَوَه‌چی/شتربان» شکل گرفت و با بمباران مجلس شورای ملی به دست محمدعلی‌شاه، به تشکل حامی حکومت در تبریز تبدیل شد. با وجود اهمیت موضوع، تاکنون پژوهش مستقلی دربارۀ انجمن اسلامیه نوشته نشده و نوشتار حاضر در پی آن است تا بخشی از خلأ علمی موجود را پر کند. علاوه بر این، پژوهش پیش رو با نقد نگاه غالب به تاریخ مشروطۀ ایران، تلاش کرده رویکرد نوینی را به انجمن‌های منتقد مشروطه، به‌ویژه انجمن اسلامیه، اتخاذ کند که مبتنی بر بازبینی منابع است. تأسیس و تداوم و انحلال انجمن اسلامیۀ تبریز، این پرسش را پدید می‌آورد که انجمن مزبور چگونه و با چه انگیزه‌ای شکل گرفت و چه نقشی را در تحولات تبریز ایفا کرد؟ در این پژوهش تلاش شده‌است تا با رویکردی توصیفی ـ تحلیلی و بهره‌گیری از روش پژوهش کیفی، به پرسش فوق پاسخ داده شود. ‌فرضیۀ پژوهش حاضر مبتنی بر این است که انجمن اسلامیۀ تبریز که از بستر انگیزه‌های دینی، سیاسی، اجتماعی، اقتصادیِ «بانیان اسلامیه» شکل‌ گرفته بود، در ابتدای استبداد صغیر، به کانون پشتیبانی از محمدعلی‌شاه در تبریز تبدیل شد، اما تضارب آرای بانیان اسلامیه در کنار مقاومت مردم تبریز و بدگمانی آنان به نیروهای حکومتی، زمینۀ انحلال آن را فراهم ساخت.

کلیدواژه‌ها

• مشروطه
• تبریز
• انجمن اسلامیه
• میرهاشم دوه‌چی
• استبداد صغیر
• محمدعلی‌شاه
• قاجار

موضوعات

• تاریخ

عنوان مقاله [English]

The formation of Anjoman Eslamiyeh Tabriz (Tabriz Islamic Association) and its function during the Constitutional period (21 Muharram-17 Ramadan 1326 AH/24 Februrary-13 October 1908 A.D)

نویسندگان [English]

• Noor al-Din Nemati ¹
• Jamal Pirehmard Shotorban ²

¹ Assistant professor, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran

² Department of History, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.

چکیده [English]

The constitutional movement was one of the most decisive events in the history of Iran. One of the consequences of constitutionalism was the formation of associations that worked in various ways to support or criticize the constitution. "Anjoman-e Eslamiyeh" of Tabriz was one of these organizations, which in 1326 A.H., with the efforts of a group of Tabriz clerics, including Mir Hashem-e Davachi, was established in the vicinity of the gate of Sorkhab and the alley of Davachi/Shotorban. After the parliament was bombed by the king (Muhammad Ali Shah) the association became a supporter of the government. Despite the importance of the subject, so far no independent article has been written about the Anjoman-e Eslamiyeh, and the present article seeks to fill a part of the existing scientific gap. In addition, by criticizing the dominant view of Iran's constitutional history, the article has tried to adopt a new approach to constitutional critic associations, especially Anjoman-e Eslamiyeh, which is based on the review of sources.
The establishment, continuity and fall of Anjoman-e Eslamiyeh raises the question of how and with what motivation the association was formed and what role did it play in the developments of Tabriz in the midst of the transition period? in this article, an attempt has been made to answer the above question with a descriptive-analytical approach and using the qualitative research method. The hypothesis of the current research is that Anjoman-e Eslamiyeh, which was formed from the religious, political, social and economic motives of the "Founders of Eslamiyeh", at the beginning of the so called "Estebdad-e Saghir" period, became a center of support for the government of MuhammadAli shah in Tabriz, but the conflict of opinions of the founders of Eslamiyeh along with the resistance of the people of Tabriz and their suspicion of the government forces, paved its way to collapse.


Abstract

The constitutional movement was one of the most decisive events in the history of Iran. One of the consequences of constitutionalism was the formation of associations that worked in various ways to support or criticize the constitution. "Anjoman-e Eslamiyeh" of Tabriz was one of these organizations, which in 1326 A.H., with the efforts of a group of Tabriz clerics, including Mir Hashem-e Davachi, was established in the vicinity of the gate of Sorkhab and the alley of Davachi/Shotorban. After the parliament was bombed by the king (Muhammad Ali Shah) the association became a supporter of the government. Despite the importance of the subject, so far no independent article has been written about the Anjoman-e Eslamiyeh, and the present article seeks to fill a part of the existing scientific gap. In addition, by criticizing the dominant view of Iran's constitutional history, the article has tried to adopt a new approach to constitutional critic associations, especially Anjoman-e Eslamiyeh, which is based on the review of sources.

The establishment, continuity and fall of Anjoman-e Eslamiyeh raises the question of how and with what motivation the association was formed and what role did it play in the developments of Tabriz in the midst of the transition period? in this article, an attempt has been made to answer the above question with a descriptive-analytical approach and using the qualitative research method. The hypothesis of the current research is that Anjoman-e Eslamiyeh, which was formed from the religious, political, social and economic motives of the "Founders of Eslamiyeh", at the beginning of the so called "Estebdad-e Saghir" period, became a center of support for the government of MuhammadAli shah in Tabriz, but the conflict of opinions of the founders of Eslamiyeh along with the resistance of the people of Tabriz and their suspicion of the government forces, paved its way to collapse.



Keywords

Constitutionalism, Tabriz, Anjoman-e Eslamiyeh, Mir Hashem-e Davachi, Estebdad-e Saghir.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

• Constitutionalism
• Tabriz
• Anjoman-e Eslamiyeh
• Mir Hashem-e Davachi
• Estebdad-e Saghir