نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه تاریخ دانشکده ادبیات دانشگاه تهران

2 استادیار گروه تاریخ، دانشگاه تهران

چکیده

ارتباط دوستانه اشکانیان با سرمتیان و پادشاهی داکیه، در شمال و شمال غرب دریای سیاه، در اواخر سده یکم و اوایل سده دوم میلادی موضوعی است که در منابع معدودی مربوط به تاریخ اشکانیان ذکر شده است. اشکانیان در نیمه دوم سده یکم میلادی پس از کشاکش‌های بسیار سرانجام توانستند عملاً حکومت ارمنستان را در دست بگیرند. سرمتی‌ها در سده یکم میلادی حضور چشمگیر و تأثیرگذاری در حکومت‌های شمال دریای سیاه پیدا کردند. در عین حال پادشاهی داکیه نیز در همین سده و اواخر آن به قدرتی تأثیرگذار در شمال غرب دریای سیاه تبدیل شد که برای امپراتوری روم دردسرساز شده بود. در جنگ‌هایی که پادشاهی داکیه با امپراتوری روم داشت، سرمتی‌ها در اتحاد با داکی‌ها بودند و از طرف دیگر، شواهد نشان می‌دهد شاه داکیان در ارتباط دوستانه با شاهنشاهی اشکانی قرار داشت. به نظر می‌آید پیشروی رو به غرب این سه حلقه تأثیرگذار -اشکانیان، سرمتیان و داکیان- در نیمه دوم سده یکم و اوایل سده دوم میلادی در ارتباط تنگاتنگ با یکدیگر بودند. پژوهش حاضر بر آن است تا به این پرسش پاسخ دهد که چگونه شاهنشاهی اشکانی توانست با طوایف سرمتی و حکومتی در ورای دریای سیاه ارتباطی دوستانه برقرار کند. به منظور پاسخگویی به این پرسش، با روش توصیفی، ترکیب جمعیتی مناطق نیمه شمالی دریای سیاه و روابط قدرت میان آنها، تاریخ اشکانیان و سرمتیان و داکی‌ها و همچنین متحدان مشترک ایشان در سده یکم و اوایل سده دوم میلادی بررسی شد. پس از بررسی شواهد و مدارک باستان‌شناختی و متنی، در پایان، این نتیجه حاصل شد که تسلط اشکانیان بر ارمنستان از نیمه دوم سده یکم میلادی، به مدت حدود پنج دهه، و همچنین نفوذ قابل توجه اقوام سرمتی که ارتباط خویشاوندی و تجاری با اشکانیان داشتند، در حکومت‌های نیمه شمالی دریای سیاه، در همین محدوده زمانی، به واسطه سرمتی‌ها موجب شکل‌گیری اتحادی میان اشکانیان و داکی‌ها شد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

The Alliance of Arsacids with the Sarmatians and Dacians in early second Century CE

نویسندگان [English]

  • Reza Ordou 1
  • Roozbeh Zarrinkoob 2

1 PhD Candidate in History of Ancient Iran, Department of History, University of Tehran

2 Assistant Professor of History Department, University of Tehran

چکیده [English]

The nature of the broader geopolitical relationship between the Arsacids with Sarmatians and the Dacian kingdom, in the north and northwestern region of the Black Sea area, in the late first and early second century CE, is a subject that has been mentioned in very few sources regarding the history of the Arsacids. After prolonged conflicts between the Arsacid and Roman empires, the Arsacids eventually could practically rule Armenia in the second half of the first century CE. In the first century CE, Sarmatians made a decisive appearance in the kingdoms north of the Black Sea. At the same time, in the late first century CE, the Dacian kingdom became an influential power in the northwest Black Sea region, troubling the Roman empire on its borders. In the Roman-Dacian wars, the Sarmatians were in alliance with the Dacians. On the other hand, the Dacian king probably was in a friendly relationship with the Arsacids. It appears that these three powers -Arsacids, Sarmatians, and Dacians- were interconnected in their progress toward the west. This research aims to answer the following question: How could the Arsacid Empire manage to establish friendly relations with the peoples of the Caspian-Pontic steppes and Dacian kingdom beyond the Black Sea? In an attempt to answer this question, the demographic composition of the northern half of the Black Sea, along with the regional power structures present, will be considered. The historical context between the Arsacids, Sarmatians, and the Dacians, along with their mutual allies in the first and early second century CE, will be considered. To Conclude, controlling Armenia by the Arsacids from mid-first century CE, for almost five decades, and also a significant influx of the Sarmatians, who had kinship and commercial communication with the Arsacids, into the states of the northern half of the Black Sea, simultaneously in this period, caused the formation of an alliance between the Arsacids and Dacians via Sarmatians.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Arsacids
  • Dacians
  • Black Sea
  • Sarmatians
  • Armenia
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