Research Paper
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Hamidreza Fahandezhsaadi; Abdolreza seif
Abstract
Tazkira al-Awliyâ is one of the first books in Persian language, which mentions the sayings and biographies of ascetics and Sufis in a unified way, and it is also among the first Persian works that have been edited in a scientific and modern way (1905) and this itself is a proof of the value and ...
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Tazkira al-Awliyâ is one of the first books in Persian language, which mentions the sayings and biographies of ascetics and Sufis in a unified way, and it is also among the first Persian works that have been edited in a scientific and modern way (1905) and this itself is a proof of the value and importance of this eternal letter of Attâr Nishâburi. Undoubtedly, such a great work requires diverse and innovative researches, and a number of editors and researchers have made valuable efforts in this direction; However, this book still has very important points and hidden angles that have not been addressed, and in this article, an effort has been made to point out ten of them in order to make this work as effective as possible: First, a short introduction about the Tazkira al-Awliyâ and the issue of attributing it to Attâr is presented. And then about issues such as "the suspicion of the nil", the omission of an important name in the mention of Abu Hafs Haddâd, the lack of discipleship of Abu al-Qasim Korrakâni under Abu Osmân Maqrebi, about the attribution of a speech to Abu Mohammad Jariri, the identification of one of the declarations of Tazkira by the name of Sa’laba Ansâri, the invalidity of Abu Ali Rudbâri's genealogy, the family relationship of Abu Amr Nojayd and Abu Abd al-Rahman Solami, the relationship between Ibn Xafif and Jonayd Baqdâdi, the relationship between Amr ibn Osmân Makki and Ja’far Xoldi, and the correct date of death of Mohammad ibn Aslam Tusi will be discussed with reference to authentic documents.
Research Paper
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ُShayesteh Sadat Mousavi; Pariya shateriyan
Abstract
Metamorphism of mega-metaphors signifies the historical ruptures. The political and social concepts expose themselves in new configuration and evolve in companion with the historical transformations. Conceptual History or The History of Concepts is from new disciplines of History studies which surveys ...
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Metamorphism of mega-metaphors signifies the historical ruptures. The political and social concepts expose themselves in new configuration and evolve in companion with the historical transformations. Conceptual History or The History of Concepts is from new disciplines of History studies which surveys these conceptual evolutions. Conceptual History is a proper framework to observe the articulation of social- cultural concepts. This discipline shows how the concepts transform through the threshold eras (Sattelzeit) and transfer toward the future. Nevertheless, neglect of apparently non-political traits such as allegories, metaphors, myths, etc. could be regarded as one of the biggest deficiencies of this scope. In this paper, which is based on the Conceptual History Project of Reinhart Koselleck, we will observe the role of allegories and metaphors in conceptualization of the words and how they make the words enter the modern era loaded by a new conceptual connotation. Homeland, as one of the greatest keywords of the modern era, has been the focus point of this research. This word, along with a large number of other words, assume a new conceptual connotation in the constitutional era - which must be regarded as one of the main threshold eras of Iran's history-. As we will see, grafting to the concepts like woman, mother, home, etc. homeland breaks out of the lexical mold and evolves into a modern concept.
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kurosh salehi
Abstract
The effect of expanding the scope of central security on Iran's economic situation during the period of Shah Abbas IAbstractThe effect of expanding the scope of central security during the period of Shah Abbas I had a valuable role on the order and order of affairs and commercial prosperity. Considering ...
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The effect of expanding the scope of central security on Iran's economic situation during the period of Shah Abbas IAbstractThe effect of expanding the scope of central security during the period of Shah Abbas I had a valuable role on the order and order of affairs and commercial prosperity. Considering the significant increase in the power of the local tribal centers and the relative passivity of the central government towards these centers in previous periods; The general development of the country's security and the important issue of economic prosperity in this domain; It was considered the most important factor in changing the general situation. With the accession of Shah Abbas I, this cycle underwent a general change, and the change in the formation of ethnic groups, ways and internal security equations and its supervision was the main part of these changes. This research, organized by historical method, revolves around the question, what was Shah Abbas I's goal of expanding the scope of central security? Based; The purpose of choosing the new capital, migration and arrangement of ethnic groups in the capital and the roads leading to it, paying attention to the roads, building numerous caravanserais, eliminating the sources of insecurity and strengthening the central security of the government; It was one of the most important measures of Shah Abbas I towards economic prosperity of the country. The result of the research shows that these measures of the security sector caused the formation of a new atmosphere in the field of general security and the important principle of the movement of commercial caravans and the expansion of the scope of citizenship laws in a way that in a relatively short period of time, the general atmosphere of the country towards balance and the speed of economic prosperity progress has been made.
Research Paper
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Mahboubeh Shabani Jafroudi; seyedehmamak salavatian; alireza nikouei; Samereh Asadi majreh
Abstract
The influence of the mental processes of the artist during the creation of the artwork is obvious. In this regard, Carl Gustav Jung, the psychoanalyst, found ancient patterns in the human collective psyche, by studying dreams and myths, which have been manifested many times in human creations throughout ...
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The influence of the mental processes of the artist during the creation of the artwork is obvious. In this regard, Carl Gustav Jung, the psychoanalyst, found ancient patterns in the human collective psyche, by studying dreams and myths, which have been manifested many times in human creations throughout the history. The expansion of this idea led to the creation of archetypal approach that has been effective in humanities and art researches. In this attitude, the artwork is considered as psycho of its creator, and the metaphors inside it are interpreted based on specific archetypes. Among the different types of art, architecture and in this research, "the architecture of the traditional houses of the central plateau of Iran during the Qajar era", has trans-physical ideas in addition to the material side. The traditional architecture of Iran has been various and rich aspects of the culture and beliefs, therefore provides an opportunity to reflect on the manifestations of collective unconscious. This research has sought to understand the implicit concepts and common themes between two archetypes of the Self and the Individualization Process, in Jung's theories and the traditional houses of the central plateau of Iran during the Qajar era. the research questions are explained as follows: What are the themes related to archetypes of the self and and the Individualization Process in the traditional houses of the central plateau of Iran? On which components of the traditional houses, the archetypes of the Self and and the Individualization Process have been manifested? The research method is qualitative content analysis with the interaction of inductive and comparative approaches with phenomenology attitude. The reliability of the research in the quantitative part is determined by applying Cronbach's alpha coefficient in Spss software. The single-sample T-test confirms the research hypotheses. The results of the research show that the common themes such as "centrality", "coexistence of opposites", "introversion", "Mandala geometry", "hierarchy" and "unity" between the archetypes of the self and the individualization process in Jung's theory and the architectural principles and components of the traditional houses of the central plateau of Iran during the Qajar era.
Research Paper
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Seyyed Hasan Ghazavi; Mohammad Mehdi Salmanpour; Mohammad Esmaeil Esmaeili Jelodar
Abstract
Introduction:The southwestern regions of Iran have been receptive to Shiism since the first decades of the rise of Islam. The presence of many companions of great imams who came from that area or lived in those areas at the same time, as well as many Sadats who migrated to those areas at the beginning ...
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Introduction:The southwestern regions of Iran have been receptive to Shiism since the first decades of the rise of Islam. The presence of many companions of great imams who came from that area or lived in those areas at the same time, as well as many Sadats who migrated to those areas at the beginning of Islam, is clear proof of this. After their death, the graves of these Sadats were a refuge for the people of faith and became a shrine (Imamzadeh), which the people and the Shia/Shiite governments of that time tried to honor.From the beginning of the fourth century, these regions were under the control of the powerful Shiite Al-e-Buyeh government for a period of more than one hundred and twenty years. Imamzadeh Hamzeh in Dehdasht city of Kohkiloyeh and Boyerahmad province is one of these works. This building is one of the oldest buildings in the region with its unique wooden door. This wooden door is available in the Islamic section of the National Museum of Iran under number 3292, and the place of its discovery is Behbahan. Some researchers, considering its dimensions and historical studies, consider this door the same as the lost door of Imamzade Hamzeh Dehdasht. This door was removed about eighty years ago in the twenties by the person who was the head of the Behbehan Culture office and moved to Behbehban and then was transferred to Tehran and the Museum of Ancient Iran.Research method, approach, and purpose:The method of collecting information in this research was a library (reading texts) and examining museum objects. The research method is descriptive and analytical with a historical approach. The purpose of the current research is a comprehensive analysis along with the examination of the themes and messages engraved on this historical door, which socially recounts the political and cultural conditions of the Shiites at the time and the powerful presence of the Shia/Shiite religion in that region, as well as the correct reading of the inscriptions on the door and its subtleties and historical points of this religion.Background Research:With the study done about the background of the subject of this research in written and oral sources, including (Arabic and Persian) in the first centuries of Islam, no independent article was found, only two articles are available in this regard as described below:First: an article entitled "The history and visual characteristics of the decorations on the woodwork door of the Imamzadeh of Hamzah Dehdasht from the Al Boyeh period (preserved in the National Museum of Iran)" which was published by Mahsa Tendro, Mohammad Khazaei, and Seyed Abu Torab Ahmed Panah in the Journal of Islamic Art Studies (Tandro and others, 2020).Second: The article "Comparative study of the design and decorative structure of the Kufic inscriptions of the Al Boyeh period (a wooden door in the National Museum of Iran and the wooden slabs of Astan Imam Ali (a.s.) in the Arab Museum of Cairo)" written by Mahsa Tundro, Mohammad Khazaei in two quarterly journals The artificial arts of Iran have been published (Tandro and Khazaei, 1400). Khazaei is the first person who paid attention to the same dimensions of the door in the museum and the entrance of Imamzadeh and a few years ago, he considered the door in the museum as the missing door of Imamzadeh. Also, the research of Mrs. Mehrangiz Karmi Mehraban (2013) has been devoted to introducing the buildings of Dehdasht city and investigating their architecture. Abdullah Quchani (1987) also referred to this door in an article entitled "Research on the wooden inscriptions of Iran" and reread parts of its inscriptions, but did not read the inscriptions related to the historical part. Finally, Qobad Kianmehr (2013) briefly mentioned this door in his doctoral dissertation and introduced it as one of the works related to the fifth-century AH.Research findings:The wooden door attributed to Imamzade Seyyed Hamzeh Dehdasht, with its heritage and artistic value, has two hinges, each consisting of two squares at the top and bottom and a rectangle in the middle. Among each rectangular shape on the sides of the door, there are five geometric shapes, two circles at the top and bottom and a rhombus in the middle.The dimensions of this door are 196 x 110 cm. (Tandro, Khazaei and Ahmad Panah, 2020: 116). Its religious inscriptions are verses from the Holy Qur'an (Surah Mubarakah Yas), a prayer from the Sahifa Sajjadiyeh, and the prayer "Allahum Aruzqana Tawfiq al-Ta'a..." which was narrated by Imam Zaman (peace be upon him). Also, in the circles and rhombuses between the doors, on the right side, from top to bottom, the phrases "Muhammad", "Ali", "Fatemeh", "Hasan" and "Hussein" and on the left side, from top to bottom, the phrases "Ya Manan", "Ya Hanan", "Al-Zahra", "Al-Sultan" and "Ya Subhan" are written.The historical inscriptions on the door, which are placed in the upper and lower four parts of the square shape, contain the name of the person who ordered the construction of the building. In the analysis of the themes of the inscriptions of this door, the previous reading of the door inscriptions had many errors, and the subtleties and precise historical and religious points were left out of the author's view, which was corrected in this article. For example, regarding the wrong context of the door inscriptions by respected writers, it should be said that the text presented by them from two short prayers of Sahifa Sajjadiyeh and Imam Zaman's prayer has at least seventeen mistakes.Also, the study of textual sources, inscription themes, and archaeological arguments about the Imamzadeh door of Hamza Dehdasht shows that the construction of this valuable door was done by Abu Mansour Fouladston. he ordered the construction of this building between 441 and 448 one of the times he dominated the Arjan region. Also, according to textual sources, today the oldest evidence of Imam Zaman's prayers are two books from the end of the 9th century by Kafami. In this way, the inclusion of this prayer on the door of the Imamzadeh has given proof that is more than four hundred years old compared to the two mentioned books, which is also clear evidence of the validity of the said prayer and the dominance of Shiism in the region at that time. It is clear that the existence of this prayer in an archeological document, which is an objective first-hand source in terms of credibility, has a very high citation value compared to the narrations recorded in written texts.Regarding the themes of the historical inscriptions of this door, which is the main subject of this article, it should be said that the opening verses of Surah Mubarakah Yas and the prayer of Sahifa Sajjadiyeh, the special dimensions of the door and the special attention to the centrality of Hazrat Zahra (peace be upon him) in the forms on the door have religious messages that are important to Shiism. Because the building in question has attracted the attention of ordinary people more than anything else, they are a reflection of the Shiite context of the time, which was discussed in detail in the text. The last point is that considering the incompleteness of a part of Imam Zaman's prayer and also a part of the prayer of Sahifa Sajjadiyeh, the assumption of the second door of this Imamzadeh is not far from the mind, so there was probably another door on which the rest of the inscription was written.
Research Paper
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azar ardianian; foad pouraryan; mirhadi hoseeini; hossein moftakhari
Abstract
The expansion and completion of the wireless and wireline telegraph network infrastructure is among the crucial measures of the Pahlavi government in the course of establishing a modern and developed society. In addition, as an important and high-speed communication tool, the telegraph was a significant ...
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The expansion and completion of the wireless and wireline telegraph network infrastructure is among the crucial measures of the Pahlavi government in the course of establishing a modern and developed society. In addition, as an important and high-speed communication tool, the telegraph was a significant factor for strengthening the body of military authority of the Pahlavi government, which has great impacts on the political, social and historical transformation of Iran specially in that period of restless caused by the initiation of the second world wars. since the international issues were changing rapidly and Iran, in a special geographical position, was attracting the attention of powerful governments in order to protect their interests in the Middle East. In terms of this point of view, paying attention to this crucial element was very important in the continuation of the political rule of the first Pahlavi government so neglecting this matter, was not possible.Based on library sources, descriptive-analytical and cliometric method, the current research is seeking to answer these questions: what were the effects of telegraph network development during the Pahlavi regime? And the budget allocated to this ministry was in line with the development of military power or not? The findings indicate that Reza Shah's efforts to modernize Iran led to the development of the telegraph network as a very practical facility, which was not only as a result of expanding the lines caused by international political conditions, but also a factor for Iran's reformation and revolution in the middle of that time. This network was considered as one of the main components of the expansion of military rule in the country, however, its budget did not grow significantly during Reza Shah's sovereignty. But the budget of the ministry did not grow significantly. The significance of the present research is that it can provide valuable information based on the published statistics related to the dedicated budget to this ministry in the first Pahlavi era and clarify the ambiguous political and social aspects of the society.
