Iranian Studies - Articles List

Research Paper

The representation of the concept of distance in Hafez's poetry based on the theory of mental space of Fauconnier and Turner (1994)

Mostafa Eslami Sanjbad; Abdolreza Seyf

Volume 12, Issue 1 , April 2022, Pages 1-23

https://doi.org/10.22059/jis.2022.343697.1119

Abstract

The aim of this article is to scrutiny the concept of distance in Hafez Poetry based on the theory of mental spaces of Fauconie and Turner. This theory, which was proposed in the field ... Read More The aim of this article is to scrutiny the concept of distance in Hafez Poetry based on the theory of mental spaces of Fauconie and Turner. This theory, which was proposed in the field of cognitive semantics, due to special attention to semantic processes and its complexities from a cognitive point of view, can provide a suitable framework for analysis in the study of Hafez's sonnets, whom has always been the leader of Persian-language poets in terms of the complexity of their themes. Studies showed that the concept of distance in Hafez's poetry appears in the form of spatial distance, temporal distance and cognitive distance. cognitive distance is seen more than other types of distance in Hafez's poetry. In this way, the poet uses temporal and spatial elements and generally concrete and objective elements to convey an abstract concept, i.e. distance in knowledge, wisdom, understanding and perspective to the audience. Sometimes, by denying the apparent similarity between two things or people, the poet emphasizes the inner differences and actually the existence of a distance between them. This work of Hafez can be seen as breaking existing frameworks and creating new frameworks, which is related to Hafez's art of deconstruction. Sometimes, by considering two mutual phenomena, the poet emphasizes the negation of the apparent difference and their oneness in practice and the absence of distance between them. This group of verses can be well analyzed based on the approach of mental spaces in the form of conceptual fusion, because the poet uses two mutual mental spaces,and by creating a combined space of the two, creates a new space that contains elements of the input spaces and also new elements that did not exist in the input spaces and are the result of the combination of two mutual spaces. The space builders in Hafez's poems that convey the concept of distance fall into two general categories: the first category is linguistic units whose main function and role is space creation (elements of time and space, contrast, negation, etc.) The second is not limited to specific linguistic units, but rather literary techniques that the poet uses as a space creator (multiple meanings and opposition).

Research Paper

Study of old Larestan water systems (aquifer) based on written sources and available evidence (from the 5th century AH to the end of the Qajar period)

khadijeh Gholami; Mohammad Ebrahim Zarei

Volume 12, Issue 1 , April 2022, Pages 24-44

https://doi.org/10.22059/jis.2022.338345.1085

Abstract

Larestan (Irahestan) covers a wide area of the the hinterland and coastalland of the Persian Gulf. These regions had semi-independent rulers from the first centuries of Islam until ... Read More

Research Paper

The political and social consequences of the emergence of akhbarism in the Safavid era

yahya bouzarinejad; Hossein Iranpour

Volume 12, Issue 1 , April 2022, Pages 45-67

https://doi.org/10.22059/jis.2022.342597.1110

Abstract

During the Safavid era, a branch of scholars left the natural method of ijtihad in jurisprudential derivation of Religious orders and turned to Akhbarism. The Safavid government, in ... Read More During the Safavid era, a branch of scholars left the natural method of ijtihad in jurisprudential derivation of Religious orders and turned to Akhbarism. The Safavid government, in the position of the claimant of Shiism - negatively or positively - was the focus of Shiite scholars; For this reason, the study of scientific and social movements in this period is important. Examining the views of Mujtahids (Usulis) and Akhbaris leads us to the important point that the source and origin of the type of interactions and actions of each sect is in the way they look at the dignity of leadership for society, which the Usulis consider to belong to the comprehensive Mujtahid and the Shah (King) is required to obtain permission from him, but the Akhbaris have considered this dignity customary and have entrusted it to the people. Akhbaris' perception of the leadership of the society had consequences. This trend in a way fueled appearanceism and this made the progress of Islamic civilization decadent and fueled the autocracy of the Safavid kings. On the other hand, this school and its occurrence in the Safavid era caused the spread of superstitions and heresies in religious beliefs and practices, including religious disputes, the legitimacy of dreams, heresy in religious dates, especially mourning, as well as capturing the beliefs of Shiite saviorism. Attention to the position of intellectual and rational sciences in the Safavid period is also noteworthy, which by excluding it, the social consequences of Akhbarites are doubled. This article, considering the method of documentary analysis, seeks to examine various historical sources and documents in order to make its understanding in accordance with that era and new manifestations of positive and negative and sometimes destructive effects of the news flow on the course of Aryan history. To discover Islam and to depict the consequences that current had at the same time, and while explaining in detail their point of view, it also seeks to express its difference with the principled current..

Research Paper

The semiotics of tree coding in folklores narratives

Hadi Dehghani Yazdeli

Volume 12, Issue 1 , April 2022, Pages 68-88

https://doi.org/10.22059/jis.2022.340684.1101

Abstract

Semiotics is the knowledge and skill of studying, interpreting, and reinterpreting signs. In this type of study, signs are reread based on the horizon of coexistence and substitution ... Read More Semiotics is the knowledge and skill of studying, interpreting, and reinterpreting signs. In this type of study, signs are reread based on the horizon of coexistence and substitution of textual elements and propositions and considering the integrity of the text itself. Re-readings also establish the process of interpretations and interpretations reveal themselves based on the context, context and audience of the texts. These interpretations are the most essential means for the continuity and permanence of the texts and their hidden ideas in the diverse worlds of human culture and thought and society. Among the semiotic approaches, Charles Sanders Peirce's semiotic approach is one of the viewpoints that relies on context, text context, interpretation and reinterpretation of signs. Among the language and thought tools, narratives, especially the story-like type, are considered one of the oldest and most common tools for revealing the meanings and the semantic expression of signs. Since popular narratives carry different cultural and ritual ideas and expressions that are made and discussed in different contexts, contexts and symptoms. This article is based on the mentioned semiotic approach to investigate one of the most basic signs of popular narratives; It means the tree and its various meanings. This research, with a descriptive and analytical-interpretive method, with the aim of revealing the different and common themes and meanings of tree symptoms in the narratives and thoughts of their narrators, explores the function of these symptoms in the structure and superstructure of the narratives. Based on this research and analysis, the tree is one of the natural and influential phenomena in the human mentality that establishes a special sign system in popular narratives that implies various themes. Among these themes are holiness, immortality, taboo and centrism. Such themes, along with their special symptomatic and denotative structure, systematize the world of popular narratives. Although such themes are as old and rooted as human life; But it is still one of the basic needs of the world and modern human life in interaction with nature, society, ethics and spiritual horizons..

Research Paper

The state of public health in the Qajar era from the perspective of foreign tourists (1227-1304)

khadijeh alemi; ّFatemeh alimohammadd

Volume 12, Issue 1 , April 2022, Pages 89-106

https://doi.org/10.22059/jis.2022.345573.1131

Abstract

Social history is one of the sciences that examines the changes in people's lives in different historical periods and challenges them. The issue of people's health and, in general, ... Read More Social history is one of the sciences that examines the changes in people's lives in different historical periods and challenges them. The issue of people's health and, in general, the changes that occurred in medicine during the Qajar period are among the issues that are important in the social history of this period. With the arrival of foreign tourists to Iran, some of whom were also doctors, health took on a different definition and the people of Iran faced new aspects of medicine, treatment and medicines that were different from their native medicine. During the Qajar period, due to political and social conflicts and problems, public health was not in a good condition. For this reason, the Qajar statesmen (since the chancellery of Amir Kabir) took interesting measures to improve public health. As they sought to use a new structure and model to restore the health status of the society. The arrival of modern ideas from Europe was the main focus of these changes. The Qajar government's dealings with the western civilization brought about a kind of political-social disillusionment, the main result of which was to follow the example of European medical institutions and use macro strategies. For this purpose, the main question of the current research is, what measures and policies did the Qajar government use to improve the public health of the people? This article is done with the method of historical description and analysis and has investigated the claim that the Qajar government used three major strategies to improve the health status of the people, including improving the level of general and specialized knowledge, legislation and establishing medical institutions. Achieving this fact that the Qajar government, through macro strategies, was able to implement measures such as pest control and quarantine at the country level, is one of the achievements of this research. This article can be a good example and achievement for other researches in this field in various aspects of health, including health in different places, types of diseases, causes of diseases and treatment style of doctors.

Research Paper

The cultural landscape of Shah-dezh Fortress and other monuments of Isfahans Sofeh Mountain, a necessity to determine and define the zone and borders

Ali Shojaee Esfahani

Volume 12, Issue 1 , April 2022, Pages 107-129

https://doi.org/10.22059/jis.2022.332928.1052

Abstract

Sofeh Mountain is a natural-historic landscape where its value lay on all the natural and cultural components of the landscape. Thus, in order to protect and preserve the landscape, ... Read More

Research Paper

A comparative study between the elements of the short story in the collection "The Quenched Fire [Atash-e Khamoosh]" by Simin Daneshvar and the collection of "Maraya al-nas [People's Mirrors]" by Widad Sakakini

Mahmoud Fazilat; diana mahmoud

Volume 12, Issue 1 , April 2022, Pages 130-149

https://doi.org/10.22059/jis.2022.343001.1114

Abstract

Comparative literature is one of the most important topics in literary research, it can show the mutual influence of literature between different countries. On the other hand, the story ... Read More

Research Paper

Revising the Early History of Persian Gulf based on the role of Elamite Confederation

Hamidreza Peighambari; Leila Makvandi

Volume 12, Issue 1 , April 2022, Pages 150-168

https://doi.org/10.22059/jis.2022.331981.1044

Abstract

The Early history of the Persian Gulf is focused on the substantial political and economic role of Mesopotamia and its relations with Dilmun (Bahrain), Magan (Oman) and Meluhha (Indus ... Read More

Research Paper

Continuity and evolution of Toponym of “Kech and Makran” in historical and geographical sources from the 7-12 AH: with a focus on the Safavid era

Yaser Mollazaei; Farajollah Ahmadi

Volume 12, Issue 1 , April 2022, Pages 188-196

https://doi.org/10.22059/jis.2022.336917.1075

Abstract

According to historical and geographical sources, Makran province in southern Iran has a large territory. This region was linked to Sistan in the north, Kerman in the west, the sea ... Read More According to historical and geographical sources, Makran province in southern Iran has a large territory. This region was linked to Sistan in the north, Kerman in the west, the sea in the south, and the Indus River basin in the east. The expansion of the Makran region in the southeast of Iran, its connection with the sea, as well as its border location with the eastern and southern neighbors of Iran, provided the basis for the creation and development of numerous cities and settlements in Makran. Communication was important and prestigious, the city of Kech was in the center of this stateAdapting the name of this city in many historical and geographical texts from the 7th century AH to the 12th century AH, especially in the sources of the Safavid era, a place named "Kech and Makran" was formed in the mental geography of historians and geographers. Based on this, how the continuation and transformation of this place name in historical and geographical sources has formed the issue of future research. The repeated reflection of the place name "Kech and Makran" in the historical and geographical sources of the 7th to 12th century AH, especially the sources of the Safavid era, raises the question of what geographical area the place name "Kech and Makran" is applied to and how its semantic load is in the historical sources and Geographical continuity and evolution? The following article is organized by the method of describing historical and geographical data and then analyzing them through matching and comparing the data available in historical texts, especially manuscripts, geographical texts, historical maps, travelogues, as well as some examples of interviews with local experts. The result of this article shows that the political and communication importance of the city of Kech in the early to middle Islamic centuries provided the context for the first time in the official reports of the historical and geographical sources of the 7th and 8th centuries A.H. to establish a link between its name and the name of Makran And the name "Kech and Makran" should be mentioned as another name of Makran state. Adapted from these official reports, the use of the place name "Kech and Makran" as another name of the Makran state was not only continued in the sources of the following centuries, but in the Safavid era, along with this continuity, there was also a change in it, based on which, This place was also known as another name of Kech city..

Research Paper

Importance of Mohammad-e Moghaddam's First Collection of Poetry, The Secret of Midnight, , in Persian free verse history

Mahdi OlyaeiMoghaddam

Volume 12, Issue 1 , April 2022, Pages 189-212

https://doi.org/10.22059/jis.2021.324965.994

Abstract

The Secret of Midnight, consisting of 16 poems, is the first collection of poetry that Mohammad-e Moghaddam published in short-term period of his career as poet. With respect ... Read More

Research Paper

A few Pahlavi words (examination of four words from three Pahlavi texts)

Mohammad hasan Jalalian Chaleshtari

Volume 12, Issue 1 , April 2022, Pages 213-223

https://doi.org/10.22059/jis.2022.332305.1045

Abstract

Middle Persian texts, including inscriptions, Manichaean, psalm, and Pahlavi texts, still contain many unread or misread words. Due to the many problems of the Pahlavi script, among ... Read More

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Volume & Issue: Volume 12, Issue 1, April 2022, Pages 1-223

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