Research Paper
Alireza Esmaeilpour
Abstract
Drama has an ancient history in India. The Sanskrit dramatic literature developed in an organized traditional infrastructure and continued during centuries. The main origins of drama in India are the dialogue-like vedic chants, vedic rituals, and epic recitation. Related arts such as dance and music ...
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Drama has an ancient history in India. The Sanskrit dramatic literature developed in an organized traditional infrastructure and continued during centuries. The main origins of drama in India are the dialogue-like vedic chants, vedic rituals, and epic recitation. Related arts such as dance and music were important in appearance and development of drama in India. Moreover, Greek dramas may have had influences on Sanskrit dramatic literature. Studying the origins of drama in ancient culture of India reveals that it had some counterparts in ancient literature of Iran, which remained until Islamic period and parts of it became more widespread. On the contrary to these powerful origins in India, drama has not been able to develop in form of organized and indelible works of art in Iran. In this paper, firstly the origins of drama in India is discussed and afterwards, the void of drama in ancient literature of Iran is studied. It seems the main reason for such historical void is the fact that writing tradition has not been developed properly in ancient literature of Iran.
Research Paper
Yaser Hamzavi; Hosayn Ahmadi; Rasoul Vatandout
Abstract
There are specific forms of mural paintings in some Iranian Churches that are different from other usual wall paintings in materials, methods as well as implementation techniques. Unfortunately, these mural paintings are not studied until now. The aim of this paper is the identification of history of ...
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There are specific forms of mural paintings in some Iranian Churches that are different from other usual wall paintings in materials, methods as well as implementation techniques. Unfortunately, these mural paintings are not studied until now. The aim of this paper is the identification of history of development, and used materials and techniques in these historic paintings by field and literature investigations. Regarding limited literature in this field (especially in Persian language), the first stage of this study has focused on European textile Marouflage and in the second stage, textile Marouflage of Vank Cathedral, Madonna Church in Isfahan and Madonna Church in Tabriz are investigated. At the Renaissance period, some technical changes were occurred in operation process of large wall paintings and ceiling paintings that finally led to a new and different type that is noticed as Marouflage in this paper. These paintings are executed on the layer of cloth (canvas) and then installed on the wall that is known as a part of the architecture arrays. In this paper, the process of formation of this type of wall painting in Europe was studied and present examples of this method in Iranian churches are introduced and explained.
Research Paper
Houshang Khosrowbeygi; Elaheh Mahboub
Abstract
Abstract: One of the instruments of dīwān al-estīfā' (the department in charge of fiscal administration) for accounting and registration of expenses and revenues of the state was fiscal registers. A subtype of this was daftar-e tawjīhāt, in which the current expenditures of the state were accounted ...
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Abstract: One of the instruments of dīwān al-estīfā' (the department in charge of fiscal administration) for accounting and registration of expenses and revenues of the state was fiscal registers. A subtype of this was daftar-e tawjīhāt, in which the current expenditures of the state were accounted for. This article aims to analyze the structure and components of daftar-e tawjīhāt, as well as methods and rules of registration in it in Safavid era. In this register the expenditure data was recorded in two separate parts of tawjīhāt (current expenses) and moqarrarāt (salaries and wages). Drafts and fiscal commands were registered in each part separately, as well as the place of payment. The whole data was checked and corrected by the head of the fiscal system to avoid probable errors. Our statistical population was the manuscripts and archives related to estīfa, as well as documents of administrative organization of Astan Quds Razavi.
Research Paper
Emad-o-ddin Sheikh-alhokamayi; Mirza Mohammad Hasani
Abstract
The fortuitous discovery of some pieces of an epitaph belonging to the 7th century AH in Forg district in Darab county, near a fortress called Bahman, opened a new season to researches on the life of Buyids descendants after the fall of the dynasty. The title and name carved on the tomb-stone, which ...
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The fortuitous discovery of some pieces of an epitaph belonging to the 7th century AH in Forg district in Darab county, near a fortress called Bahman, opened a new season to researches on the life of Buyids descendants after the fall of the dynasty. The title and name carved on the tomb-stone, which clearly reads Daylamite King, affirms the subject matter of the present article. Further excavations led to the discovery of all other pieces of the epitaph. Moreover, the Resale Delgosha versified history book, which is considered one of the most important local history resources for studying the history of Fars province during this period, facilitated the identification of the deceased person and other Daylamites who lived in this area during 7th and 8th centuries AH. The present paper is an attempt to rebuild the pieces of the newly-found epitaph and identify the body belonging to the grave and aims to find out how the Buyids managed to survive and how long they continued to exert their political power and rule in Fars.
Research Paper
Rasoul Arabkhani
Abstract
Evliya Chelebi (1611-1682), was an ethnically Ottoman explorer who travelled through the territory of the Ottoman Empire and neighboring lands over a period of forty years, recording his commentary in a travelogue called the Seyahatname. During his lifetime, Evliya Chelebi ...
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Evliya Chelebi (1611-1682), was an ethnically Ottoman explorer who travelled through the territory of the Ottoman Empire and neighboring lands over a period of forty years, recording his commentary in a travelogue called the Seyahatname. During his lifetime, Evliya Chelebi made three journeys to Safavid Iran: the first in 1646 to Azerbaijan and Caucasus, the second in 1647 which was a very short one, and the third in 1655 to Azerbaijan and western and central parts of Iran. During all his travels he explored Iran as an official who had been sent by the Ottoman government to fulfill his mission and duties. During the years of Chelebi’s travels to the Safavid Empire, the hostile relationship between the two countries had turned amicable following the Treaty of Zuhab signed in 1639. Throughout these years, the two Empires sent various delegations to the states of one another to settle the territorial disputes and resolve the problems in the provisions of the Treaty. Notwithstanding the duties he had to run as an official agent who travelled to Iran, Evliya Chelebi used to write some notes of his observations and the stories he heard about different places and people he encountered. Reading his collection of notes and commentaries, one can have a better understanding of the cultural and political atmosphere dominant in the Safavid and Ottoman Empires. His travelogue also gives us a pattern of the way the Ottomans viewed the Persian society and the politics of the late Safavid era, particularly during the reign of Shah Safi and Shah Abbas II. The notes of Chelebi’s explorations together with the plethora of information he provides on the political and administrative situations of the Safavid period is very beneficial to finding out more about and rebuilding the historical and cultural geographies of Persia during this period. This paper aims to rebuild the map on which Evliya Chelebi moved around in the Persian territory based on the descriptions he has provided of the routes, towns and cities, then it goes on to analyze Chelebi's viewpoints in the context of Safavid-Ottoman ties.
Research Paper
Hassan Karimian; Husseyn Sedighiyan
Abstract
Khānsār was one of the principal cities of Isfahan district in Qajar era. The city is mentioned repeatedly in historical texts and visited frequently by European travelers Khānsār was celebrated in Qajar era for presence of significant cultural and artistic figures in the city as well as production ...
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Khānsār was one of the principal cities of Isfahan district in Qajar era. The city is mentioned repeatedly in historical texts and visited frequently by European travelers Khānsār was celebrated in Qajar era for presence of significant cultural and artistic figures in the city as well as production of various commercial products. The remnants of commercial monuments such as Qajar bazar or Kārvansarā are few and we merely can trace them in the historical sources or the minds of residents. Yet studying the causes of development and decline of the city may help in taking decisions for renovation of its prosperity. Since any independent studies have not been done on this issue, this paper is presenting the results of field and documentary studies of the authors on social and economic circumstances of Khānsār during the Qajar era.
Research Paper
Javad Morshedlue
Abstract
This essay aims to put forward a new explanation of “Sârt” problem from an Iranian viewpoint. Its main focus is to represent those signs which could be helpful to introduce Sârt people as inheritors of Old Iranian culture of central Asia. To attain this purpose it has been organized ...
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This essay aims to put forward a new explanation of “Sârt” problem from an Iranian viewpoint. Its main focus is to represent those signs which could be helpful to introduce Sârt people as inheritors of Old Iranian culture of central Asia. To attain this purpose it has been organized in four parts; the first part discussed with the history of Russia’s rule over the region and its dealing with indigenous ethnicities and ethnic problem. The second part has concentrated on the scholarly literature on the subject and precedent findings. The third one includes an analytical survey of the situation of Sârt people in 19th century as reported by primary sources. And, the final part deals with the fate of Sârt identity as sealed by Bolshevik regime and Jadidism. As the essay puts it, there are certain evidences which show that there have been a Sârt people whom we might be able to introduce old settlers of central Asia with clear links with Iran. As the results show, down to the Bolshevik revolution, Sârt people were a very great population of settler society of central Asia. Hence, Its removal of ethnological literature of the region as happened after the establishment of soviet system might be interpreted as a sign of russification policies especially in contrast to Iranian heritage of Central Asia.
