Research Paper
Bahram Ajorloo; Asmaa Saeed
Abstract
Archaeologically, the hybrid and mythological motif of People-scorpion, as presented in both forms of Man-scorpion and Woman-scorpion, in the horizon of Bronze Age cultures in the plateau of Iran, merely, is reported from the archaeological sites of Jiroft in the Halil Rood basin, southwest Iran. In ...
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Archaeologically, the hybrid and mythological motif of People-scorpion, as presented in both forms of Man-scorpion and Woman-scorpion, in the horizon of Bronze Age cultures in the plateau of Iran, merely, is reported from the archaeological sites of Jiroft in the Halil Rood basin, southwest Iran. In Mesopotamia, the people-scorpion is presented as the guardian monster for the gates of dead people’s world, under the earth. Such a ritual concept and religious function had been adapted by the mythology of ancient Egypt as well. According to the results of recent archaeological excavations in Jiroft, however, the southwest of Iran is speculated as the geographical homeland of this motif. So, whether Iranian plateau or Mesopotamia, where is the cultural origin of such motif? In spite of the scorpion’s motif in the chalcolithic Age of Iran, The basic hypothesis proposed by the authors explains that the idea on the progression of a naturalist scorpion’s motif unto a hybrid- mythological people- scorpion one in the art of Bronze Age has not yet been provided enough archaeological evidences. By this essay, the authors have an art historical method oriented by archaeology. This method just studies motifs of both scorpion and people-scorpion in artifacts recovered from archaeological contexts in both prehistoric Iran and Mesopotamia. These artifacts are grouped into these regions. The essay concludes that people-scorpion’s motif in southeast Iran was originated in the native Bronze Age believes and culture of the Halil Rood basin in the dawn of urbanization. So, in addition to no causative relations between such motif and arid climates in Iran, there is no causation concerning the Chalcolithic Age motif of scorpion and the Bronze Age people-scorpion.
Research Paper
Farajollah Ahmadi; Parviz Hossein talaee
Abstract
Due to its geopolitical position, the city of Antioch had always been the scene of confrontation and tension between the great powers of the ancient era since its establishment in the Seleucid era until the late Sassanid era. The findings of this research indicate that the structure of Antioch was checkered ...
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Due to its geopolitical position, the city of Antioch had always been the scene of confrontation and tension between the great powers of the ancient era since its establishment in the Seleucid era until the late Sassanid era. The findings of this research indicate that the structure of Antioch was checkered in pattern and it derived its political, economic, commercial, religious and military significance from its geopolitical position. Romans used this city as their headquarters and recruiting post for their forces. Antioch was located along the Silk Road and was thus considerably important for the Sassanid and the Romans. Furthermore, as one of the important Christian cities, Antioch played a major role in the propagation of Christianity in the East. By conquering this city, the Sassanid drew nearer to strategies of its founder (securing the Achaemenid territories). Thus, they attempted to create fire temples after conquering the border town of Antioch as part of their territories. Apart from enjoying the advantages of being located on the Silk Road, the conquering of Antioch was also advantageous to the two ancient powers in terms of economy and commerce having immense spoils and productive forces. Analyzing the structure and function of the ancient city of Antioch and its important aspects sheds light over a part of the history of relations between Persia and Rome and their border conflicts and the potential impact of these confrontations on the domestic development of these rival powers. Therefore, given its great significance, the present paper attempts to investigate the structure and function of Antioch in the Sassanid and Roman era employing a descriptive survey method of analysis.
Research Paper
Rasoul Jafarian; Maryam Kamali
Abstract
The geographical scope of a dynasty and the selection of a capital as the center of its power can be considered as the essential factors in the establishment of a regime and its continuity; this matter seems to be neglected in the political structure of Khwarazmshahi dynasty (598-628/1202-1231). The ...
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The geographical scope of a dynasty and the selection of a capital as the center of its power can be considered as the essential factors in the establishment of a regime and its continuity; this matter seems to be neglected in the political structure of Khwarazmshahi dynasty (598-628/1202-1231). The Khwarazmshahi which were supposed to change into one of the greatest medieval dynasties led the course of political changes in a different direction. After having conquered the Saljuq dynasty, the Khwarazmshahi chose a centralized political structure. But the selection of Khwarazm as the only center of power and the lack of continuous connection with their vast territory caused the fast decline of Khwarazmshahi power. On the basis of original resources, this article explores the relationship between the geographical scope of a dynasty and its political structure. Moreover, this paper examines the causes of Khwrazmshahi’s decline with regards to its political structure and the selection of Khwarazm as the capital.
Research Paper
Abdol-Rasul Khairandish; Ameneh Ebrahimi
Abstract
Ever since Alexander emerged in the history of Iran, his being Greek or Iranian has been a matter of dispute. The subject has later entered the discussions over Alexander’s identity as ruler, governor, explorer, adventurer, etc. Even these days disputes over his existence or his territory exist. ...
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Ever since Alexander emerged in the history of Iran, his being Greek or Iranian has been a matter of dispute. The subject has later entered the discussions over Alexander’s identity as ruler, governor, explorer, adventurer, etc. Even these days disputes over his existence or his territory exist. A purely historical study on the subject should be based on documents. Yet since a great part of written materials on Alexander are ancient Persian stories, to enrich our findings on Alexander and study the subject from different points of view, we need to pay attention to such texts. Of these texts one may refer to the story of Eskandarnameh ,made up between the sixth and eighth centuries which, through displacing an old narrative of the city of women, intends to connect Alexander to the ideal world of fairies and thus present him as an Iranian character.
Research Paper
Bahman Firouzmandi Shireh Jin; Mehdi Rahbar; Mostafa Deh Pahlavan
Abstract
Hellenism is a part of Iran’s historical period. This era starts with the devastating onslaught of Alexander, the Macedonian warlord. Our historical sources introduce Alexander with a collection of mythic-historical features which make us visualize the real Alexander with an ambiguous image. The ...
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Hellenism is a part of Iran’s historical period. This era starts with the devastating onslaught of Alexander, the Macedonian warlord. Our historical sources introduce Alexander with a collection of mythic-historical features which make us visualize the real Alexander with an ambiguous image. The conflicting viewpoints of eastern and western historical works in pre-Islamic periods can be the reason for this scrutiny. Specially, the eastern works which show the formation of an intellectual movement and the religious resistance of Iranian society and their clergies in Hellenist, Parthian and Sassanid periods against Hellenistic traditions. The quality of Iranian and Muslim historians’ deviation from depending on western sources and historical works would be clear through studying Alexandropedias and Islamic sources.
Research Paper
Mohammad Bagher Vosughi; Mohammad Hossein Solemani
Abstract
One of the main changes which are happened during the Mongol administrative and bureaucratic correction is new words, Integration of administrative corrections in Mongol era because of combining Persian, Chinese and turkey experiences. Although the Bureaucratic correction on the Court of the Mongol era ...
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One of the main changes which are happened during the Mongol administrative and bureaucratic correction is new words, Integration of administrative corrections in Mongol era because of combining Persian, Chinese and turkey experiences. Although the Bureaucratic correction on the Court of the Mongol era has been researched and inquired considerably, these studies and researches are not adequate and sufficient, because there is not enough recognition of historical and literary sources of this period. The scope of research is extended to the other texts and more investigations of these unknown aspects of these changes are introduced. In this regard, this paper utilizes parts of manuscripts "Al-Morshed fi al-Hisāb", which is one of the professional literature on the scope of the Mongol period and it identifies bureaucratic correction and words related to identifying expressions of Mongol era In the first section, the manuscript "Al-Morshed fi al-Hisāb", is introduced and in the second section of this paper, Some parts of this manuscripts which refers to the bureaucratic correction reviewed and identified.
Research Paper
Ali Reza Hejebri Nobari; Mahsa Veisi; Mehdi Mousavi; Javad Neyestani
Abstract
Achaemenid ruled over a vast territory, to which included Asia Minor (modern Turkey), that was conquered during Cyrus the great campaign to Lydia. Following this its cities was added to Persian satrapies. The name of all the Persian satrapies was not mentioned in Achaemenid official texts, because Achaemenid ...
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Achaemenid ruled over a vast territory, to which included Asia Minor (modern Turkey), that was conquered during Cyrus the great campaign to Lydia. Following this its cities was added to Persian satrapies. The name of all the Persian satrapies was not mentioned in Achaemenid official texts, because Achaemenid political style was in this way that the conquered areas came under the central power control while having their own selves government; Lycia is one of those their name are not mentioned in none of official texts, but Greek historian called it Persian satrapy. This research aim to answer the question that which kind of ancient artifacts have been remained to prove, Lycia was indeed one of Persian satrapies.The majority of archaeological material cultures from Xanthos – capital of Lycia- are reliefs similar to Persepolises which could prove their presence in the region.
Research Paper
shima jaafaridehaghi
Abstract
Rougemont, Georges, Inscriptions qrecques d’Iran et d’Asie centrale, Corpus Inscriptionum Iranicarum, Part II, Vol. I, London, 2012, 326 pages
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Rougemont, Georges, Inscriptions qrecques d’Iran et d’Asie centrale, Corpus Inscriptionum Iranicarum, Part II, Vol. I, London, 2012, 326 pages
