Iranian Studies

Research Paper

Parthian Arsacids or Scythian Arsacids? The emergence of the Arsacid ‎based on written sources and archaeological evidence ‎(Sources, Obstacles and Challenges)‎

Hashem Kazemi; Mostafa Dehpahlavan

Volume 13, Issue 4 , March 2024, Pages 1-22

https://doi.org/10.22059/jis.2023.350547.1167

Abstract

The beginning of the Parthian dynasty and the identity of Arsaces I as the head of this dynasty is one of the most mysterious parts of Parthian history. Based on the analysis of the ... Read More The beginning of the Parthian dynasty and the identity of Arsaces I as the head of this dynasty is one of the most mysterious parts of Parthian history. Based on the analysis of the written sources regarding the identity of Arsaces, these sources can be divided into two different historiographical traditions: one by Apollodorus and his followers Justin and Strabo, and the other by Arrian and his followers (Photius, Zosimus, Syncellus, Dio). Meanwhile, a narrative has been more welcomed among Parthian history and archeology researchers. According to this narrative, Arsaces was a Scythian who was the head of the Aparni tribe of the Dahae union. Then, based on this version of the origin of the Parthians, in the middle of the 3rd century BC, Arsaces took advantage of the confusion of the Seleucid empire in the west and together with the Aparni, captured the Seleucid state of Parthia and and provided the foundation for the formation of the Parthian Empire. The main reference and the most effective spreader of the concept of nomadic and Scythian Parthians is Strabo. He was inspired by the older Hellenistic historians in understanding the origin of the Parthians, however, none of them lived before the second century BC. In this research, the researchers based on archaeological evidence and analysis of written sources, say that the Arrian historiography tradition and his followers based on the fact that Arsaces was a native Parthian are closer to the political and social realities of the Parthian period, and we argue that Arsaces I was never able to create a kingdom comparable to the Seleucid Empire, he just managed a tributary state under the rule of the Seleucids. The establishment of the Parthian kingdom based on local and Parthian elements could have taken place only after the reign of Antiochus III (223/2-187b.c). In fact, there is no direct or indirect evidence for the Parthian Empire in Iran in the 3rd century b.c. If the early Parthian kingdom had essentially a territorial foundation, it could not have been anything more than a regional power.

Research Paper

Sanai research history in Afghanistan

Rouhollah Hadi; Mohammad Sarwar mawlaie; Siddiqullah Kalakani

Volume 13, Issue 4 , March 2024, Pages 23-50

https://doi.org/10.22059/jis.2022.345059.1126

Abstract

Abstract Sanai's has a special place in both Dari/Persian poetry history and the changes he made in terms of content, especially erfan, wisdom and advice, and according to Sanai scholars, ... Read More

Research Paper

Geographical distribution, and how to deal with the Samum wind in the ‎history of Iran during the Islamic period

Mohammadali Parghoo; Javad Alipoor Silab

Volume 13, Issue 4 , March 2024, Pages 51-67

https://doi.org/10.22059/jis.2023.352531.1173

Abstract

One of the interesting and neglected topics in the social history studies of Iran is how to deal with natural and climatic challenges, including hot or cold winds. An important example ... Read More

Research Paper

Investigating the literary language and scientific and historical language ‎in Rashidi's history and explaining their characteristics

Elham Torkashvand; Ali Mohammadi

Volume 13, Issue 4 , March 2024, Pages 69-88

https://doi.org/10.22059/jis.2022.348655.1151

Abstract

Rashidi's history belongs to Timurid period, was written by Mirza Haidar Doghlat and its subject is to explain events and conflicts that happened to some of descendants of Genghis Khan ... Read More

Research Paper

Analyzing the migration of Persians from India to Iran during the first Pahlavi period

Mahdi Asadi; Fatemeh Kazemizadeh

Volume 13, Issue 4 , March 2024, Pages 89-110

https://doi.org/10.22059/jis.2022.345623.1132

Abstract

With the intensification of nationalism after the First World War and the increase of travel and cultural exchanges, the common feelings between the Persians of India and the supporters ... Read More With the intensification of nationalism after the First World War and the increase of travel and cultural exchanges, the common feelings between the Persians of India and the supporters of archaic nationalism in Iran intensified. As a result of the growth of nationalism and attention to the issue of land and nationality, the Persians of India became more interested in their ancestral land and the possibility of returning to it, especially after the start of the war between Muslims and Hindus and the threat to their financial and life security. For intellectuals and supporters of modernism and archaic nationalists who sought strategies to reform Iran's economy and culture in order to overcome what they perceived as a long period of cultural decline, economic poverty, and political weakness, a greater relationship with the Persians of India and gaining support All-round efforts on their part could play an important role. The first Pahlavi government was also influenced by its nationalistic approach and economic policy, and was interested in the migration of Persians from India to Iran. The current research aims to answer this main question: What was the approach of the first Pahlavi government and the Persians of India to the issue of immigration to Iran? The findings of the research, based on first-hand sources and based on historical methods and on the basis of description and analysis, show that despite the initial inclinations of some Indian Persian leaders and the interest of Reza Shah and the comprehensive efforts of the first Pahlavi men's government This issue failed due to the conflict with the British policies in India, the lack of social justice in the eyes of Indian Parsis and the structure of the absolute Pahlavi government and the ambivalence among the Indian Parsis on this issue. the lack of social justice in the eyes of Indian Parsis and the structure of the absolute Pahlavi government and the ambivalence among the Indian Parsis on this issue.

Research Paper

Evaluating Mourning Ceremonies of Aristocrats and Ordinary People ‎Based on Travel Writers’ Reports in the Qajar Period

Abbas Mirzaei; Ali Balvardi

Volume 13, Issue 4 , March 2024, Pages 111-126

https://doi.org/10.22059/jis.2022.343207.1124

Abstract

Mourning ceremonies related to Muharram have had a special place in the Qajar period, but the views of the Qajar aristocracy and nobility with ordinary people about these ceremonies ... Read More

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Volume & Issue: Volume 13, Issue 4, March 2024, Pages 1-135

Parthian Arsacids or Scythian Arsacids? The emergence of the Arsacid ‎based on written sources and archaeological evidence ‎(Sources, Obstacles and Challenges)‎

Abstract

Sanai research history in Afghanistan

Abstract

Geographical distribution, and how to deal with the Samum wind in the ‎history of Iran during the Islamic period

Abstract

Investigating the literary language and scientific and historical language ‎in Rashidi's history and explaining their characteristics

Abstract

Analyzing the migration of Persians from India to Iran during the first Pahlavi period

Abstract

Evaluating Mourning Ceremonies of Aristocrats and Ordinary People ‎Based on Travel Writers’ Reports in the Qajar Period

Abstract