meysam mohammadi
Abstract
Ayādgār ī Zarērān (Memorial of Zarēr) is a text that in its original version has been composed in Parthian language. This text has been amended and distorted in the process of transcription into the Middle Persian alphabet and language. This makes it difficult to read some of the words and sentences ...
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Ayādgār ī Zarērān (Memorial of Zarēr) is a text that in its original version has been composed in Parthian language. This text has been amended and distorted in the process of transcription into the Middle Persian alphabet and language. This makes it difficult to read some of the words and sentences and scholars have taken different ways in reading them. In this paper, these readings are first reviewed and criticized, and then some new suggestions are put forward. The basis of these suggestions is the adaptation between Ayādgār ī Zarērān and Draxt ī Āsūrīg (Assyrian tree), an originally Parthian text, and the evidence of the Parthian Manichaean texts. The reading of two passages from the New Persian texts written in Ray, Qumis, Gorgan, and Herat also provides some testimonies. In some phrases, some emendations have been made and in others we have been able to present a new reading by identifying a kind of elegy which is evidenced in the Parthian Manichean texts.
Ahmad Heidari
Abstract
Kharg Island is one of the most important islands in the Persian Gulf. Throughout history, it has received attention because of being located on maritime trade routes and thus has numerous historical monuments. There are two important tombs in Kharg Island which are attributed to Palmyrene merchants. ...
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Kharg Island is one of the most important islands in the Persian Gulf. Throughout history, it has received attention because of being located on maritime trade routes and thus has numerous historical monuments. There are two important tombs in Kharg Island which are attributed to Palmyrene merchants. Evidence suggests that the island was inhabited during the Parthian and Sassanid eras and was an important trading and religious center. This research seeks to find out what relation the name Kharg bears to the state of Characene and to whom the graves belong. The article argues that the name Kharg is derived from the word Charax. It also demonstrates that the two large rock-cut tombs of Kharg Island, contrary to popular opinion, do not belong to Palmyrene merchants, but to an Iranian local ruler in the Persian Gulf. The motifs, form and structure of the graves indicate that the Eastern tomb probably is belong to Ananias and Southern tomb is graved in the first half of the second century AD and probably belong to Mithradates, a Parthian prince and ruler of Characene. The name of Kharg Island is also taken from the great king of Characene.
Yaghuob Mohamadifar; Yadolah Heydari; Maryam_ Dowlati
Abstract
Seals can help to identify the unknown aspects a culture. Parthian seals and bullaes not only have played an important role in business in the community, but also they are important to identify the art and culture of this period. Except a few reports about Parthian site and a few works that can be found ...
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Seals can help to identify the unknown aspects a culture. Parthian seals and bullaes not only have played an important role in business in the community, but also they are important to identify the art and culture of this period. Except a few reports about Parthian site and a few works that can be found in collections and museums little has been written with regard to the seals of this period. Therefore, the aim of the present study is the introduction of Parthian seals and Bullae, the designs carved on them and understanding their functional role. The results show that make a distinction between the bullaes and seals of Seleucid and those of Parthian periods is often difficult. Parthian seals are inspired by the traditions of Achaemenid, Greece, Central Asia animals and the local styles. Common motifs of the seals are human bust, winged mythical creatures, full-length human, horseman and deer.