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kaveh Ghanbari; Aliakbar Forati
Abstract
With the defeat of the authoritarian and centrist government of the Sassanids by the Muslim Arabs, the use of the Middle Persian language in the court and government organizations gradually faded and then disappeared. The Pahlavi language, which until then was the official language of the government ...
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With the defeat of the authoritarian and centrist government of the Sassanids by the Muslim Arabs, the use of the Middle Persian language in the court and government organizations gradually faded and then disappeared. The Pahlavi language, which until then was the official language of the government and the language of many works created at that time, gradually gave its place to the Arabic language, which was considered a sacred language in light of its sanctity of the Holy Quran. In such a situation, every writer in Iranshahr poured his mind and thoughts into the Arabic language, and the Arabic language became the language of the elite group of Iranian society and the language of contemporary culture. From writing letters in the courts to writing news and reviews, etc., everything was in Arabic. In this situation, Arab poets of Iranian origin who played the role of connecting Iranian cultural and literary traditions; They introduced the elements of Iranian culture into the Arabic language, one of the most prominent of which was the Iranshahri celebrations, which provided a platform for the rest of Iran's cultural traditions to be transferred through this channel. In the current research, Iranian festivals in the works of writers and poets of Yatima Al-Dahr book were examined with a literary-historical-social approach. The findings of this research show that Nowruz, Mehrgan, Sadeh, Ram, Afrijkan, and Khorroz festivals were celebrated in the order of their importance at that time. Nowruz, Mehrgan and Sadeh had more of an occasion aspect and were expressed as court celebrations; Although the Sadeh and its ruling atmosphere have been described more than Nowruz and Mehrgan; On the other hand, Ram, Afrijkan and Khorroz have been important among the masses of people. In addition, the influence of Iranian culture on Arabic poetry is evident, ranging from Iranshahri celebrations to the description of the components of Iranian culture such as nature, spring, flowers, colors, and music, etc.
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Muhammad Choopani; Ghafar Borjsaz
Abstract
Introduction: Rhetoric is the art of effective communication, tailored to the audience's situation and status. The term "speech" encompasses all verbal and semantic components, including its constituent parts.
Purpose:This research aimed to explore the functions and rhetorical capacities ...
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Introduction: Rhetoric is the art of effective communication, tailored to the audience's situation and status. The term "speech" encompasses all verbal and semantic components, including its constituent parts.
Purpose:This research aimed to explore the functions and rhetorical capacities of pronouns within the context of Zahhak's story, specifically in relation to the interaction between verbs and pronouns. The goal is to identify the specific functions and rhetorical capacities employed by Ferdowsi.
Research method:This study utilizes a descriptive-analytical approach and employs rhetorical criticism.
Findings and conclusion: This research explores the rhetorical capacities and functions of pronouns in Ferdowsi's story of Zahhak. It identifies two main areas where the pronoun's rhetorical capacity is developed: the interaction between pronouns and verbs, and the phonetic layer of speech. In the former, pronouns are used as adverbial complements of verbs and in syntactic shifts from nouns to verbs, satisfying both syntactic and semantic needs while inducing desired effects on the audience. In the latter, pronouns affect the formation of a specific phonetic environment in speech. The study concludes that pronouns play a significant role in the rhetorical efficacy of the story, serving various rhetorical and semantic purposes. Another function of pronouns in this story is to demonstrate their role in "binding the predicate" to convey certainty. Pronouns also play a role in various rhetorical processes at the phonetic level of speech. These processes include the "settling" of pronouns and their impact on creating a specific phonetic atmosphere in speech. This serves to convey the intended meaning and concept of the theologian, as well as reflect their discontent and dissatisfaction towards the events described in the verse, or the behavior of the characters that lead to these events. Another group of rhetorical processes of the pronoun in this story has been realized in the phonetic level or layer of speech, both in terms of the process of "pronoun settlement" and in the form of the pronoun's effect on the formation of an especial phonetic environment in speech.
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Rezvan Ahrar; Narges Zaker Jafari
Abstract
During the Safavid era, Music had a hight position and important place. Music was used in banquets, feasts and various court and social ceremonies. Also, Iranian music was influenced by religious and political currents. Apart from music history texts, Iranian music has reflected a lot in the travelogues ...
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During the Safavid era, Music had a hight position and important place. Music was used in banquets, feasts and various court and social ceremonies. Also, Iranian music was influenced by religious and political currents. Apart from music history texts, Iranian music has reflected a lot in the travelogues of Europeans of the Safavid era. For this reason, there are different and conflicting views on the quality and merit of Iranian music. In this research, the question is raised, what are the views of the travelogues towards Iranian music? To follow up and get the answer to this question, this research has selected four travelogues from the Safavid era, which have different characteristics of Iranian musical descriptions. These travelogues analyzed and investigated with Edward Said’s post-colonial theory. After the post-colonial reading from travelogues texts, if there are colonial concepts in these texts, their post-colonial concepts can be revealed and the objectives of these concepts can be followed. The current research, has selected the travelogues written by Raphael Dumans, Figueroa, Olarios and Chardin and analyzed them. The reason for this choice is that their reactions and encounters with Iranian music have been formed in different situations and different cultural and social conditions. According to the findings of this research; the authors of the aforementioned travelogues encountered Iranian instruments and music in different situations, circumstances and conditions. Therefore, different and various reactions have been expressed. Therefore, it is possible to introduce them in three separable groups. 1. Observation and generalized comment: non-interactive approach 2. Intellectual engagement and Field observations: non-interactive approach 3. Field observations and executive participation: interactive approach. This research has been conducted with the aim of investigating the music topics in the travelogues from the point of view of post-colonial theory in order to discover and identify the perspective of colonialism in the travelogues of Europeans during the Safavid period. The method of this present research is analytical and interpretive. Qualitative type was used for data analysis. The procedure of collecting information and data was done through the preparation of transcripts and receipts from libraries books, e-books and journals articles.
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Fatemeh Taherkhani; heydar valizadeh
Abstract
The purpose of writing this article is to investigate the language mechanisms in the Shiite discourse that led to the recovery and revival of the concept of "Iran" in the Safavid era.The importance of dealing with this concept is because many social-political relations and relationships, ways ...
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The purpose of writing this article is to investigate the language mechanisms in the Shiite discourse that led to the recovery and revival of the concept of "Iran" in the Safavid era.The importance of dealing with this concept is because many social-political relations and relationships, ways of power generation, how to form the Iranian-Islamic identity, and how to build a centralized Shiite government are hidden in its underlying layers of meaning. One of the important texts of this period, which was written in the style of a political book in the year 1402 AH and was dedicated to Shah Abbas II, is the book Roza Al-Anwar by Mullah Mohammad Baqer Sabzevari.This book, with its frequent use of the word Iran, is a good example for examining the way Iran and Shiism are discursively blended as two pillars of identity in contemporary Iran. By reading this text in accordance with Ryan Kozlak's conceptual history approach and Ruth Wodak's historical-discursive method, the following results were obtained:The concept of Iran has been mentioned and used in the widest semantic and historical form in this text, and all the discursive and semantic capacities available in it, including mythological, geographical, religious and cultural forms, have been used to produce the political power of the all-embracing and emerging Safavid state. and all levels and layers of historical meaning of this concept have been summoned in this text.
