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Ahmad Heidari
Abstract
Courtyard, corridor and iwan are among the elements that have played an important role in information the living spaces of a residential unit, both private and public. The public part of a structure is known as the porch and exterior, and its function has been a place to receive an official guest or ...
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Courtyard, corridor and iwan are among the elements that have played an important role in information the living spaces of a residential unit, both private and public. The public part of a structure is known as the porch and exterior, and its function has been a place to receive an official guest or a place for ceremonies and public gatherings. In the meantime, the hypostyle design (hypostyle) is one of the elements that was added to some buildings such as Aliaqapo and Chehelston during the reign of Shah Abbas II Safavid and then spread in different forms. The resemblance of the Safavid hypostyle to the general court of the Shah Jahan period, which had become common in India a little earlier, led some scholars to consider the Safavid hypostyle as a representation of the Audience hall Gurkani. The question of this research is why and how hypostyle became popular in Safavid architecture and how was its origin or evolution? This research has been done by descriptive-analytical method. The result of the research shows that hypostyle Mughal Empire is a combination of Achaemenid columned halls and Mandapa of Hindu temples and was first built in India during the Shah Jahan period and then Safavid borrowed from it. This element became desirable in Iranian architecture and in order to create a suitable open and empty space, after the Safavid period in the nave of the mosques of Zandieh and Qajar period, it has been used in a transformed way. The result of the research shows that hypostyle Mughal Empire is a combination of Achaemenid columned halls and Mandapa of Hindu temples and was first built in India during the Shah Jahan period and then Safavid borrowed from it. This element became desirable in Iranian architecture and in order to create a suitable open and empty space, after the Safavid period in the nave of the mosques of Zandieh and Qajar period, it has been used in a transformed way.
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Sajad Zoleykani; Elham Andaroodi; Asmar Shahbazi
Abstract
Ta'ziyeh (Shabih-Khāni) is connected with religious beliefs and when we encounter it, the assumption arises that it is effective in creating or directing the people's culture. For this reason, the Ta'ziyeh on the 11th day of Muharram in the village of Talāvok was selected as a research ...
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Ta'ziyeh (Shabih-Khāni) is connected with religious beliefs and when we encounter it, the assumption arises that it is effective in creating or directing the people's culture. For this reason, the Ta'ziyeh on the 11th day of Muharram in the village of Talāvok was selected as a research sample. Talāvok village is one of the villages of Māzandarān province in Dodāngeh district of Sāri county, which has been holding the religious performance of Ta'ziyeh on the 11th day of Muharram since the Qājār period. Finding signs of the effects of Ta'ziyeh of Talāvok on the culture of people of this village, or to say in other words, finding the lived culture arising from this ritual ceremony, can only be achieved by continuous field investigations and visiting the ceremony several times during years. Accordingly, the data of this research have been obtained during two decades from living in the village of Talāvok, evaluating the Ta'ziyeh and events related to it, Talking with sages, the elderly and some individuals of Talāvok village and other villages. The research about the lived culture arising from Ta'ziyeh in Talāvok village has resulted in both intangible culture (belief and group behavior of people) and tangible culture (physical texture of the village) emerged. Intangible culture has been placed in the category of belief and group behavior of people and also tangible culture in the category of physical texture of the village; But intangible culture and tangible culture have a two-way interaction that have affected each other over time. The research has shown that by holding the Ta'ziyeh of Imam Hussein, fascination with Hussein ibn Ali and the story of Karbalā has become more widespread among people of this village and behaviors and beliefs have emerged that are related to Ta'ziyeh and this fascination. Besides, believing in Hussein ibn Ali and being interested in him and believing in the story of Karbalā among the villagers of Talāvok can also be related to the survival of the Ta'ziyeh of Imam Hussein in this village.
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Mahboubeh Shabani Jafroudi; seyedehmamak salavatian; alireza nikouei; Samereh Asadi majreh
Abstract
The influence of the mental processes of the artist during the creation of the artwork is obvious. In this regard, Carl Gustav Jung, the psychoanalyst, found ancient patterns in the human collective psyche, by studying dreams and myths, which have been manifested many times in human creations throughout ...
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The influence of the mental processes of the artist during the creation of the artwork is obvious. In this regard, Carl Gustav Jung, the psychoanalyst, found ancient patterns in the human collective psyche, by studying dreams and myths, which have been manifested many times in human creations throughout the history. The expansion of this idea led to the creation of archetypal approach that has been effective in humanities and art researches. In this attitude, the artwork is considered as psycho of its creator, and the metaphors inside it are interpreted based on specific archetypes. Among the different types of art, architecture and in this research, "the architecture of the traditional houses of the central plateau of Iran during the Qajar era", has trans-physical ideas in addition to the material side. The traditional architecture of Iran has been various and rich aspects of the culture and beliefs, therefore provides an opportunity to reflect on the manifestations of collective unconscious. This research has sought to understand the implicit concepts and common themes between two archetypes of the Self and the Individualization Process, in Jung's theories and the traditional houses of the central plateau of Iran during the Qajar era. the research questions are explained as follows: What are the themes related to archetypes of the self and and the Individualization Process in the traditional houses of the central plateau of Iran? On which components of the traditional houses, the archetypes of the Self and and the Individualization Process have been manifested? The research method is qualitative content analysis with the interaction of inductive and comparative approaches with phenomenology attitude. The reliability of the research in the quantitative part is determined by applying Cronbach's alpha coefficient in Spss software. The single-sample T-test confirms the research hypotheses. The results of the research show that the common themes such as "centrality", "coexistence of opposites", "introversion", "Mandala geometry", "hierarchy" and "unity" between the archetypes of the self and the individualization process in Jung's theory and the architectural principles and components of the traditional houses of the central plateau of Iran during the Qajar era.
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Negar Avishi; Zahra Hosseinabadi; Marzieh Esfandiari
Abstract
It can be acknowledged that needlework represents the authenticity of the Baloch people, the most well-known and important art of the people of Baluchistan. This beautiful art is sewn in different cities of Sistan and Baluchistan province by the hands of Sistani and Baloch women, but the selection of ...
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It can be acknowledged that needlework represents the authenticity of the Baloch people, the most well-known and important art of the people of Baluchistan. This beautiful art is sewn in different cities of Sistan and Baluchistan province by the hands of Sistani and Baloch women, but the selection of Iranshahr city as the national city of needlework has given special importance to Baloch needlework of this city. Problems such as the sewing of Baloch needlework by foreign nationals and the danger of the authenticity of this valuable art, which is referred to as a national heritage, require a special look at this field. It is necessary to try to identify the problems that stand in the way of Baloch needlework in Iranshahr city and present the effective factors for increasing the employment of Baloch women in this city. What has been considered as the goal of this research is the study of factors affecting the employment of Baloch women in the field of needlework and its effect on the advancement of the region's economy. The required information of the research, which was conducted by descriptive-analytical method, was collected through library and field studies, and the questionnaire tool was also used. The statistical sample of the research is made up of needlewomen from Iranshahr city. After analyzing the obtained data, among the factors affecting the increase of employment of Baloch women in the field of needlework in Iranshahr city and as a result the economic advancement of the region, factors such as allocating fixed salaries to active needlewomen, Attracting the help of investors and setting up the supply chain of raw materials in Sistan and Baluchistan province and as a result reducing the production costs of needlework products and increasing employment in the province, guaranteeing the purchase of needlework products at a fair price , improvement of internet coverage in the villages of Iranshahr and so on.
