Document Type : Research Paper
Author
Assistant professor of Islamic Art University of Tabriz
Abstract
Palaeoclimatology is a basic approach for the Neolithic archaeology. The world-wide climate changes during the Holocene ca. 10th millennia BC was an introduction to the Neolithic Revolution and the emergence of early villages. Early Holocene climate oscillations changed the biogeography of Iran. Consequently, its temperature, fauna and flora had been changed during ca. 12800- 3500 BC; and finally, the modern climate of Iranian plateau had been established ca. 3500 BC. The palaeoclimatological information of western Iran is provided from both lakes of Urmia and Zeribar. Therefore, there is not enough palaeoclimatological information about eastern Iran. By the Holocene changes the core of early village sedentary and trans-humanism in the Iranian plateau originated in Northern and Central Zagros. Thus, it can be concluded that the early village sedentary in the plateau of Iran had been affected by both climate and geography; such a situation is analogous to Palestine and southeast Anatolia. In addition, it can be approached by a cultural diffusionist model. Khuzestan and Azerbaijan were early areas entered in the Neolithic Age affected by socio-cultural events of the Early Neolithic Northern and Central Zagros. Furthermore, the economy of the settled Neolithic people in the plateau of Iran had been subjective of the Early Holocene oscillations; as the result, the development of arid climate through the Iranian plateau and by the stretching of deserts and semi-desert lands and also steppes, people achieved pastoralism, trans-humanism and dry farming.
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