Document Type : Research Paper
Author
Abstract
It seems that characteristics of utopias have been inscribed in the most ancient Iranian myths on the one hand, and drawn in Shanameh book by Toos Sage (Ferdowsi) on the other hand. Apparently, theme and pattern of utopia were included in Var Jam Kard (a garden built by King Jamshid) at first place that is the most ancient one of such towns and according to Vandidad (Chapter of Avesta), it was constructed by king Jamshid in order to take care of a type of Ahuraic beings at this place. Ethernity is one of the characteristics of this Var (or bulwark) and rather than it, no sign of coldness, warmth, darkness, illness and mortality could be seen there. An example of this type is a construction that has been built by Izad Mehr (God of Light) over the top of Hara (Alborz) a legendary mount based on Mehr-Yasht (10th chapter of Avesta) where there was no sign of coldness, warmth, darkness, illness and mortality.
From author’s view, by representation of Kang Dej (Zahak’s castle) as celestial type of ethernal utopia, Toos Sage has also looked at its ancient patterns. For this reason, he depicts it as:
I) it is alarge city including beautiful gardens and buildings;
II) It has a temperate climate where there is no room for heat and coldness.
III) Its water is salubrious where there is no sign of illness and mortality.
Writing of the paper was intended to compare kang Dej as ethernal town of Shahnameh with mythical samples in ancient texts thereby a beam of light to be cast on origin of Toos Sage’s toughts.
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