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Sorena Firouzi; Mahsa Veisi
Abstract
Regarding the background of the inscribing of Zoroaster's poems, there are two general views: archaic and contemporary. The archaic view is documented in Pahlavi texts and reflected in the writings of some historians from the Islamic era, who suggest that these religious texts were written before Alexander's ...
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Regarding the background of the inscribing of Zoroaster's poems, there are two general views: archaic and contemporary. The archaic view is documented in Pahlavi texts and reflected in the writings of some historians from the Islamic era, who suggest that these religious texts were written before Alexander's invasion. However, the opinion of contemporary scholars emphasizes a delay in this process.This research is based on a historical approach and textual content analysis on one hand, and an assessment of the writing situation on the Iranian plateau relevant to the first half of the first millennium BC, on the other hand. It first examines the evidence and arguments of both views and then analyzes the subject based on the temporal and geographical components related to the time of Zoroaster and the Achaemenid era. The purpose of this article is to estimate the oldest possible time for the composition of the oldest part of the Avesta attributed to Zoroaster through evaluating the evidence related to Zoroastrian hymns.The article asserts that there are effects of inscribing Zoroaster's poems at the time of their composition, and discusses what kind of script and writing system could have been used, as well as the reasons for its existence.Contrary to the beliefs of some modern Western scholars, this study demonstrates that the Avestan texts, including Zoroaster's poems (Gathas), were written before Alexander's invasion. The article concludes by discussing the matter of the script or language referred to as "Aryan" by Darius the Great and its connection to the topic.At the end of the article, the issue of the script or language referred to as "Aryan" by Darius the Great and its relation to the subject is discussed. This article states that the aforementioned script has no connection with Persian cuneiform or Old Persian language. Rather, the intention was to write in the Bactrian (Aryan) language of Darius' era, which was either in a common Aramaic script or a script derived from it.
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Sorena Firouzi; Zohre Jozi
Abstract
The study of Mesopotamian inscriptions, especially from the Middle and Neo-Assyrian periods, has provided researchers with much geographical data. Based on the topographical coordinates provided by this information, the cultural and historical background of the western and central regions of the Iranian ...
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The study of Mesopotamian inscriptions, especially from the Middle and Neo-Assyrian periods, has provided researchers with much geographical data. Based on the topographical coordinates provided by this information, the cultural and historical background of the western and central regions of the Iranian plateau has been better investigated. This process has formed the basis for many historical, cultural, and archaeological studies. Assyrians gradually began to pay attention to the east of their land from the era of Tiglath-Pileser I, and this view gained strength during the Neo-Assyrian periods. Therefore, in this upcoming research, we will use the geographical basis of the royal inscriptions of the Neo-Assyrian kings to investigate which territories described in those written documents corresponded to the boundaries of the current Ilam province or at least its northern part. This article demonstrates that contrary to opinions raised about the land of Namri, an important part of the coordinates of this ancient area coincided with the boundaries of Ilam province. Furthermore, this research argues that based on this conclusion and a study of the cultural components of Namri, we can gain a better understanding of the cultural state of the coordinates of Ilam province in the first millennium BCE .The study of Mesopotamian inscriptions, especially from the Middle and Neo-Assyrian periods, has provided researchers with much geographical data. Based on the topographical coordinates provided by this information, the cultural and historical background of the western and central regions of the Iranian plateau has been better investigated. This process has formed the basis for many historical, cultural, and archaeological studies. Assyrians gradually began to pay attention to the east of their land from the era of Tiglath-Pileser I, and this view gained strength during the Neo-Assyrian periods. Therefore, in this upcoming research, we will use the geographical basis of the royal inscriptions of the Neo-Assyrian kings to investigate which territories described in those written documents corresponded to the boundaries of the current Ilam province or at least its northern part.
