Yaghuob Mohamadifar; Yadolah Heydari; Maryam_ Dowlati
Abstract
Seals can help to identify the unknown aspects a culture. Parthian seals and bullaes not only have played an important role in business in the community, but also they are important to identify the art and culture of this period. Except a few reports about Parthian site and a few works that can be found ...
Read More
Seals can help to identify the unknown aspects a culture. Parthian seals and bullaes not only have played an important role in business in the community, but also they are important to identify the art and culture of this period. Except a few reports about Parthian site and a few works that can be found in collections and museums little has been written with regard to the seals of this period. Therefore, the aim of the present study is the introduction of Parthian seals and Bullae, the designs carved on them and understanding their functional role. The results show that make a distinction between the bullaes and seals of Seleucid and those of Parthian periods is often difficult. Parthian seals are inspired by the traditions of Achaemenid, Greece, Central Asia animals and the local styles. Common motifs of the seals are human bust, winged mythical creatures, full-length human, horseman and deer.
Kamal Aldin Niknami; Reza Ghasemi
Abstract
The Seleucid Seals and bullae play a significant role in understanding the administration and social structures of this period. Due to the limitations in the Seleucids sigillographic study, a wide variety of administrative archives of bullae found from important sites such as Qumis, Susa, Babylon, Nippur ...
Read More
The Seleucid Seals and bullae play a significant role in understanding the administration and social structures of this period. Due to the limitations in the Seleucids sigillographic study, a wide variety of administrative archives of bullae found from important sites such as Qumis, Susa, Babylon, Nippur and Kadesh are waiting for the researchers to deal with the bullae’s various aspects. Apart from the hellenistic style, characteristic of bullae, they generally are bearing the impressions concerning the political and social status of Seleucid officials as well as the bureaucratic economic system of the Seleucid society. It seems that there has been association between the iconography of the seal and its owner’s social or political status. In some cases, the iconography of the seal could have been served to realize either the role of seal owners or his professional status because the privilege of some of iconographic motif of the seals were reserved for a certain class of nobility.
