University of Tehran Iranian Studies 2252-0643 15 1 2025 05 22 Rhetorical criticism of "Pronoun" with emphasis on some aspects of the subject in the story of Dahhak (with emphasis on the secondary meanings of "certainty" and "exclusivity and exclusivity") Rhetorical criticism of "Pronoun" with emphasis on some aspects of the subject in the story of Dahhak (with emphasis on the secondary meanings of "certainty" and "exclusivity and exclusivity") 87 106 95268 10.22059/jis.2023.367874.1245 FA Muhammad Choopani Master's degree student, Department of Persian Language and Literature, Faculty of Humanities, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran Ghafar Borjsaz Correspondent author, PhD in Persian Language and Literature, Department of Persian Language and Literature, Faculty of humanitis, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran Journal Article 2023 11 08 Introduction: Rhetoric is the art of effective communication, tailored to the audience's situation and status. The term "speech" encompasses all verbal and semantic components. Purpose:This research aimed to explore the functions and rhetorical capacities of pronouns within the context of Zahhak's story, and to identify the specific functions and rhetorical capacities employed by Ferdowsi. method:This study utilizes a descriptive-analytical approach and employs rhetorical criticism. Findings: This research identifies two main areas where the pronoun's rhetorical capacity is developed: the interaction between pronouns and verbs, and the phonetic layer of speech. In the former, pronouns are used as adverbial complements of verbs and in syntactic shifts from nouns to verbs, satisfying both syntactic and semantic needs while inducing desired effects on the audience. In the latter, pronouns affect the formation of a specific phonetic environment in speech. conclusion: The study concludes that pronouns play a significant role in the rhetorical efficacy of the story, serving various rhetorical and semantic purposes. Another function of pronouns in this story is to demonstrate their role in "binding the predicate" to convey certainty. Pronouns also play a role in various rhetorical processes at the phonetic level of speech. These processes include the "settling" of pronouns and their impact on creating a specific phonetic atmosphere in speech.  Introduction: Rhetoric is the art of effective communication, tailored to the audience's situation and status. The term "speech" encompasses all verbal and semantic components. Purpose:This research aimed to explore the functions and rhetorical capacities of pronouns within the context of Zahhak's story, and to identify the specific functions and rhetorical capacities employed by Ferdowsi. method:This study utilizes a descriptive-analytical approach and employs rhetorical criticism. Findings: This research identifies two main areas where the pronoun's rhetorical capacity is developed: the interaction between pronouns and verbs, and the phonetic layer of speech. In the former, pronouns are used as adverbial complements of verbs and in syntactic shifts from nouns to verbs, satisfying both syntactic and semantic needs while inducing desired effects on the audience. In the latter, pronouns affect the formation of a specific phonetic environment in speech. conclusion: The study concludes that pronouns play a significant role in the rhetorical efficacy of the story, serving various rhetorical and semantic purposes. Another function of pronouns in this story is to demonstrate their role in "binding the predicate" to convey certainty. Pronouns also play a role in various rhetorical processes at the phonetic level of speech. These processes include the "settling" of pronouns and their impact on creating a specific phonetic atmosphere in speech.  https://jis.ut.ac.ir/article_95268_4237c9af516a2f336f4c48ec4baf4f0f.pdf