Iranian Studies - Articles List

Akhtaran's course in the Hamidi Maghamat

Mohammad Amir Mashhadhi; Sara Nezamdoost

Volume 14, Issue 2 , September 2024, , Pages 101-116

https://doi.org/10.22059/jis.2023.357951.1195

Abstract

The sixth century is the peak of the use of astronomical terms in Persian poetry and prose. One of the most prominent and prominent works in the use of terms and information of astronomy ... Read More

The culture of polo players; Analyzing polo game among Iranian people

Abbas Ali Rezaei Nia; Mehdi Mousavinia

Volume 14, Issue 2 , September 2024, , Pages 117-138

https://doi.org/10.22059/jis.2023.355152.1187

Abstract

A part of the identity and culture of the people of Iran has been preserved in the framework of native and local games. In Iran land, many local and diverse sports are performed in ... Read More A part of the identity and culture of the people of Iran has been preserved in the framework of native and local games. In Iran land, many local and diverse sports are performed in various ceremonies. Among these games that have gained a national aspect in Iranian culture is the game of polo, which has been passed down from one generation to the next and continues to exist. Polo has a high place in Iranian culture and has gone beyond a mere game and is connected with the value and intellectual system of Iranian society. Our understanding of the polo game relies more on historical texts, literature, and artifacts. But the gap that can be seen in this field is the examination of the phenomena and evidence of polo games from the perspective of intangible cultural heritage. Therefore, the purpose of the present article is to know the place, importance, and explanation of the polo match as one of the components of identity in the culture of Iranian people with a descriptive-analytical method. In order to achieve this goal, the game of polo has been considered in various fields of oral traditions, social customs, and performing arts. First, the toponyms that are connected with polo have been checked. Then, the evidence of playing polo among native and local games has been discussed. And it tried to identify the signs of polo and to express its similarities and differences among different regions. The result of the research showed that the polo game was customary not only among the nobles and elders but also among the ordinary people of Iran. Eleven places related to polo, as well as holding it in different regions of Iran, both on horseback and on foot, are a sign of people's deep connection with this game. The polo match has played an effective role not only as a national game but also as an efficient cultural element in the cultural and social life of Iranian society.This game has reflected the attitudes of Iranians in people's lives and has contributed to the continuity of their cultural traditions.

Considerations in the text and margins of Attar's tazkira al-Awliya

Hamidreza Fahandezhsaadi; Abdolreza seif

Volume 14, Issue 1 , June 2024, , Pages 1-18

https://doi.org/10.22059/jis.2023.354717.1183

Abstract

Tazkira al-Awliyâ is one of the first books in Persian language, which mentions the sayings and biographies of ascetics and Sufis in a unified way, and it is also among the first ... Read More

The significance of the mega-metaphors' metamorphosis in the History of Concepts (with a focus on the conceptual transformation of the word "homeland")

ُShayesteh Sadat Mousavi; Pariya shateriyan

Volume 14, Issue 1 , June 2024, , Pages 19-41

https://doi.org/10.22059/jis.2023.354011.1179

Abstract

Metamorphism of mega-metaphors signifies the historical ruptures. The political and social concepts expose themselves in new configuration and evolve in companion with the historical ... Read More

The effect of expanding the scope of central security on Iran's economic situation during the period of Shah Abbas I

kurosh salehi

Volume 14, Issue 1 , June 2024, , Pages 43-61

https://doi.org/10.22059/jis.2023.350285.1165

Abstract

The effect of expanding the scope of central security on Iran's economic situation during the period of Shah Abbas IAbstractThe effect of expanding the scope of central security during ... Read More

Discovering the themes of Self and Individualization Process archetypes in traditional houses of the central plateau of Iran in Qajar era

Mahboubeh Shabani Jafroudi; seyedehmamak salavatian; alireza nikouei; Samereh Asadi majreh

Volume 14, Issue 1 , June 2024, , Pages 63-88

https://doi.org/10.22059/jis.2023.354101.1177

Abstract

The influence of the mental processes of the artist during the creation of the artwork is obvious. In this regard, Carl Gustav Jung, the psychoanalyst, found ancient patterns in the ... Read More The influence of the mental processes of the artist during the creation of the artwork is obvious. In this regard, Carl Gustav Jung, the psychoanalyst, found ancient patterns in the human collective psyche, by studying dreams and myths, which have been manifested many times in human creations throughout the history. The expansion of this idea led to the creation of archetypal approach that has been effective in humanities and art researches. In this attitude, the artwork is considered as psycho of its creator, and the metaphors inside it are interpreted based on specific archetypes. Among the different types of art, architecture and in this research, "the architecture of the traditional houses of the central plateau of Iran during the Qajar era", has trans-physical ideas in addition to the material side. The traditional architecture of Iran has been various and rich aspects of the culture and beliefs, therefore provides an opportunity to reflect on the manifestations of collective unconscious. This research has sought to understand the implicit concepts and common themes between two archetypes of the Self and the Individualization Process, in Jung's theories and the traditional houses of the central plateau of Iran during the Qajar era. the research questions are explained as follows: What are the themes related to archetypes of the self and and the Individualization Process in the traditional houses of the central plateau of Iran? On which components of the traditional houses, the archetypes of the Self and and the Individualization Process have been manifested? The research method is qualitative content analysis with the interaction of inductive and comparative approaches with phenomenology attitude. The reliability of the research in the quantitative part is determined by applying Cronbach's alpha coefficient in Spss software. The single-sample T-test confirms the research hypotheses. The results of the research show that the common themes such as "centrality", "coexistence of opposites", "introversion", "Mandala geometry", "hierarchy" and "unity" between the archetypes of the self and the individualization process in Jung's theory and the architectural principles and components of the traditional houses of the central plateau of Iran during the Qajar era.

Analysis of the inscriptions on the door of Imamzadeh Hamza Dehdasht and its role in understanding Shia/Shiite religious themes (verses and supplications)

Seyyed Hasan Ghazavi; Mohammad Mehdi Salmanpour; Mohammad Esmaeil Esmaeili Jelodar

Volume 14, Issue 1 , June 2024, , Pages 89-111

https://doi.org/10.22059/jis.2023.367370.1242

Abstract

Introduction:The southwestern regions of Iran have been receptive to Shiism since the first decades of the rise of Islam. The presence of many companions of great imams who came from ... Read More Introduction:The southwestern regions of Iran have been receptive to Shiism since the first decades of the rise of Islam. The presence of many companions of great imams who came from that area or lived in those areas at the same time, as well as many Sadats who migrated to those areas at the beginning of Islam, is clear proof of this. After their death, the graves of these Sadats were a refuge for the people of faith and became a shrine (Imamzadeh), which the people and the Shia/Shiite governments of that time tried to honor.From the beginning of the fourth century, these regions were under the control of the powerful Shiite Al-e-Buyeh government for a period of more than one hundred and twenty years. Imamzadeh Hamzeh in Dehdasht city of Kohkiloyeh and Boyerahmad province is one of these works. This building is one of the oldest buildings in the region with its unique wooden door. This wooden door is available in the Islamic section of the National Museum of Iran under number 3292, and the place of its discovery is Behbahan. Some researchers, considering its dimensions and historical studies, consider this door the same as the lost door of Imamzade Hamzeh Dehdasht. This door was removed about eighty years ago in the twenties by the person who was the head of the Behbehan Culture office and moved to Behbehban and then was transferred to Tehran and the Museum of Ancient Iran.Research method, approach, and purpose:The method of collecting information in this research was a library (reading texts) and examining museum objects. The research method is descriptive and analytical with a historical approach. The purpose of the current research is a comprehensive analysis along with the examination of the themes and messages engraved on this historical door, which socially recounts the political and cultural conditions of the Shiites at the time and the powerful presence of the Shia/Shiite religion in that region, as well as the correct reading of the inscriptions on the door and its subtleties and historical points of this religion.Background Research:With the study done about the background of the subject of this research in written and oral sources, including (Arabic and Persian) in the first centuries of Islam, no independent article was found, only two articles are available in this regard as described below:First: an article entitled "The history and visual characteristics of the decorations on the woodwork door of the Imamzadeh of Hamzah Dehdasht from the Al Boyeh period (preserved in the National Museum of Iran)" which was published by Mahsa Tendro, Mohammad Khazaei, and Seyed Abu Torab Ahmed Panah in the Journal of Islamic Art Studies (Tandro and others, 2020).Second: The article "Comparative study of the design and decorative structure of the Kufic inscriptions of the Al Boyeh period (a wooden door in the National Museum of Iran and the wooden slabs of Astan Imam Ali (a.s.) in the Arab Museum of Cairo)" written by Mahsa Tundro, Mohammad Khazaei in two quarterly journals The artificial arts of Iran have been published (Tandro and Khazaei, 1400). Khazaei is the first person who paid attention to the same dimensions of the door in the museum and the entrance of Imamzadeh and a few years ago, he considered the door in the museum as the missing door of Imamzadeh. Also, the research of Mrs. Mehrangiz Karmi Mehraban (2013) has been devoted to introducing the buildings of Dehdasht city and investigating their architecture. Abdullah Quchani (1987) also referred to this door in an article entitled "Research on the wooden inscriptions of Iran" and reread parts of its inscriptions, but did not read the inscriptions related to the historical part. Finally, Qobad Kianmehr (2013) briefly mentioned this door in his doctoral dissertation and introduced it as one of the works related to the fifth-century AH.Research findings:The wooden door attributed to Imamzade Seyyed Hamzeh Dehdasht, with its heritage and artistic value, has two hinges, each consisting of two squares at the top and bottom and a rectangle in the middle. Among each rectangular shape on the sides of the door, there are five geometric shapes, two circles at the top and bottom and a rhombus in the middle.The dimensions of this door are 196 x 110 cm. (Tandro, Khazaei and Ahmad Panah, 2020: 116). Its religious inscriptions are verses from the Holy Qur'an (Surah Mubarakah Yas), a prayer from the Sahifa Sajjadiyeh, and the prayer "Allahum Aruzqana Tawfiq al-Ta'a..." which was narrated by Imam Zaman (peace be upon him). Also, in the circles and rhombuses between the doors, on the right side, from top to bottom, the phrases "Muhammad", "Ali", "Fatemeh", "Hasan" and "Hussein" and on the left side, from top to bottom, the phrases "Ya Manan", "Ya Hanan", "Al-Zahra", "Al-Sultan" and "Ya Subhan" are written.The historical inscriptions on the door, which are placed in the upper and lower four parts of the square shape, contain the name of the person who ordered the construction of the building. In the analysis of the themes of the inscriptions of this door, the previous reading of the door inscriptions had many errors, and the subtleties and precise historical and religious points were left out of the author's view, which was corrected in this article. For example, regarding the wrong context of the door inscriptions by respected writers, it should be said that the text presented by them from two short prayers of Sahifa Sajjadiyeh and Imam Zaman's prayer has at least seventeen mistakes.Also, the study of textual sources, inscription themes, and archaeological arguments about the Imamzadeh door of Hamza Dehdasht shows that the construction of this valuable door was done by Abu Mansour Fouladston. he ordered the construction of this building between 441 and 448 one of the times he dominated the Arjan region. Also, according to textual sources, today the oldest evidence of Imam Zaman's prayers are two books from the end of the 9th century by Kafami. In this way, the inclusion of this prayer on the door of the Imamzadeh has given proof that is more than four hundred years old compared to the two mentioned books, which is also clear evidence of the validity of the said prayer and the dominance of Shiism in the region at that time. It is clear that the existence of this prayer in an archeological document, which is an objective first-hand source in terms of credibility, has a very high citation value compared to the narrations recorded in written texts.Regarding the themes of the historical inscriptions of this door, which is the main subject of this article, it should be said that the opening verses of Surah Mubarakah Yas and the prayer of Sahifa Sajjadiyeh, the special dimensions of the door and the special attention to the centrality of Hazrat Zahra (peace be upon him) in the forms on the door have religious messages that are important to Shiism. Because the building in question has attracted the attention of ordinary people more than anything else, they are a reflection of the Shiite context of the time, which was discussed in detail in the text. The last point is that considering the incompleteness of a part of Imam Zaman's prayer and also a part of the prayer of Sahifa Sajjadiyeh, the assumption of the second door of this Imamzadeh is not far from the mind, so there was probably another door on which the rest of the inscription was written.

The political and social functions of telegraph expansion and development based on the analysis of its budget during the Pahlavi I period according to documents

azar ardianian; foad pouraryan; mirhadi hoseeini; hossein moftakhari

Volume 14, Issue 1 , June 2024, , Pages 113-131

https://doi.org/10.22059/jis.2022.346065.1137

Abstract

The expansion and completion of the wireless and wireline telegraph network infrastructure is among the crucial measures of the Pahlavi government in the course of establishing a modern ... Read More The expansion and completion of the wireless and wireline telegraph network infrastructure is among the crucial measures of the Pahlavi government in the course of establishing a modern and developed society. In addition, as an important and high-speed communication tool, the telegraph was a significant factor for strengthening the body of military authority of the Pahlavi government, which has great impacts on the political, social and historical transformation of Iran specially in that period of restless caused by the initiation of the second world wars. since the international issues were changing rapidly and Iran, in a special geographical position, was attracting the attention of powerful governments in order to protect their interests in the Middle East. In terms of this point of view, paying attention to this crucial element was very important in the continuation of the political rule of the first Pahlavi government so neglecting this matter, was not possible.Based on library sources, descriptive-analytical and cliometric method, the current research is seeking to answer these questions: what were the effects of telegraph network development during the Pahlavi regime? And the budget allocated to this ministry was in line with the development of military power or not? The findings indicate that Reza Shah's efforts to modernize Iran led to the development of the telegraph network as a very practical facility, which was not only as a result of expanding the lines caused by international political conditions, but also a factor for Iran's reformation and revolution in the middle of that time. This network was considered as one of the main components of the expansion of military rule in the country, however, its budget did not grow significantly during Reza Shah's sovereignty. But the budget of the ministry did not grow significantly. The significance of the present research is that it can provide valuable information based on the published statistics related to the dedicated budget to this ministry in the first Pahlavi era and clarify the ambiguous political and social aspects of the society.

Parthian Arsacids or Scythian Arsacids? The emergence of the Arsacid ‎based on written sources and archaeological evidence ‎(Sources, Obstacles and Challenges)‎

Hashem Kazemi; Mostafa Dehpahlavan

Volume 13, Issue 4 , March 2024, , Pages 1-22

https://doi.org/10.22059/jis.2023.350547.1167

Abstract

The beginning of the Parthian dynasty and the identity of Arsaces I as the head of this dynasty is one of the most mysterious parts of Parthian history. Based on the analysis of the ... Read More The beginning of the Parthian dynasty and the identity of Arsaces I as the head of this dynasty is one of the most mysterious parts of Parthian history. Based on the analysis of the written sources regarding the identity of Arsaces, these sources can be divided into two different historiographical traditions: one by Apollodorus and his followers Justin and Strabo, and the other by Arrian and his followers (Photius, Zosimus, Syncellus, Dio). Meanwhile, a narrative has been more welcomed among Parthian history and archeology researchers. According to this narrative, Arsaces was a Scythian who was the head of the Aparni tribe of the Dahae union. Then, based on this version of the origin of the Parthians, in the middle of the 3rd century BC, Arsaces took advantage of the confusion of the Seleucid empire in the west and together with the Aparni, captured the Seleucid state of Parthia and and provided the foundation for the formation of the Parthian Empire. The main reference and the most effective spreader of the concept of nomadic and Scythian Parthians is Strabo. He was inspired by the older Hellenistic historians in understanding the origin of the Parthians, however, none of them lived before the second century BC. In this research, the researchers based on archaeological evidence and analysis of written sources, say that the Arrian historiography tradition and his followers based on the fact that Arsaces was a native Parthian are closer to the political and social realities of the Parthian period, and we argue that Arsaces I was never able to create a kingdom comparable to the Seleucid Empire, he just managed a tributary state under the rule of the Seleucids. The establishment of the Parthian kingdom based on local and Parthian elements could have taken place only after the reign of Antiochus III (223/2-187b.c). In fact, there is no direct or indirect evidence for the Parthian Empire in Iran in the 3rd century b.c. If the early Parthian kingdom had essentially a territorial foundation, it could not have been anything more than a regional power.

Sanai research history in Afghanistan

Rouhollah Hadi; Mohammad Sarwar mawlaie; Siddiqullah Kalakani

Volume 13, Issue 4 , March 2024, , Pages 23-50

https://doi.org/10.22059/jis.2022.345059.1126

Abstract

Abstract Sanai's has a special place in both Dari/Persian poetry history and the changes he made in terms of content, especially erfan, wisdom and advice, and according to Sanai scholars, ... Read More

Geographical distribution, and how to deal with the Samum wind in the ‎history of Iran during the Islamic period

Mohammadali Parghoo; Javad Alipoor Silab

Volume 13, Issue 4 , March 2024, , Pages 51-67

https://doi.org/10.22059/jis.2023.352531.1173

Abstract

One of the interesting and neglected topics in the social history studies of Iran is how to deal with natural and climatic challenges, including hot or cold winds. An important example ... Read More

Investigating the literary language and scientific and historical language ‎in Rashidi's history and explaining their characteristics

Elham Torkashvand; Ali Mohammadi

Volume 13, Issue 4 , March 2024, , Pages 69-88

https://doi.org/10.22059/jis.2022.348655.1151

Abstract

Rashidi's history belongs to Timurid period, was written by Mirza Haidar Doghlat and its subject is to explain events and conflicts that happened to some of descendants of Genghis Khan ... Read More

Analyzing the migration of Persians from India to Iran during the first Pahlavi period

Mahdi Asadi; Fatemeh Kazemizadeh

Volume 13, Issue 4 , March 2024, , Pages 89-110

https://doi.org/10.22059/jis.2022.345623.1132

Abstract

With the intensification of nationalism after the First World War and the increase of travel and cultural exchanges, the common feelings between the Persians of India and the supporters ... Read More With the intensification of nationalism after the First World War and the increase of travel and cultural exchanges, the common feelings between the Persians of India and the supporters of archaic nationalism in Iran intensified. As a result of the growth of nationalism and attention to the issue of land and nationality, the Persians of India became more interested in their ancestral land and the possibility of returning to it, especially after the start of the war between Muslims and Hindus and the threat to their financial and life security. For intellectuals and supporters of modernism and archaic nationalists who sought strategies to reform Iran's economy and culture in order to overcome what they perceived as a long period of cultural decline, economic poverty, and political weakness, a greater relationship with the Persians of India and gaining support All-round efforts on their part could play an important role. The first Pahlavi government was also influenced by its nationalistic approach and economic policy, and was interested in the migration of Persians from India to Iran. The current research aims to answer this main question: What was the approach of the first Pahlavi government and the Persians of India to the issue of immigration to Iran? The findings of the research, based on first-hand sources and based on historical methods and on the basis of description and analysis, show that despite the initial inclinations of some Indian Persian leaders and the interest of Reza Shah and the comprehensive efforts of the first Pahlavi men's government This issue failed due to the conflict with the British policies in India, the lack of social justice in the eyes of Indian Parsis and the structure of the absolute Pahlavi government and the ambivalence among the Indian Parsis on this issue. the lack of social justice in the eyes of Indian Parsis and the structure of the absolute Pahlavi government and the ambivalence among the Indian Parsis on this issue.

Evaluating Mourning Ceremonies of Aristocrats and Ordinary People ‎Based on Travel Writers’ Reports in the Qajar Period

Abbas Mirzaei; Ali Balvardi

Volume 13, Issue 4 , March 2024, , Pages 111-126

https://doi.org/10.22059/jis.2022.343207.1124

Abstract

Mourning ceremonies related to Muharram have had a special place in the Qajar period, but the views of the Qajar aristocracy and nobility with ordinary people about these ceremonies ... Read More

Comparative study The attribute of anger in ancient Iran and India Based on the Shahnameh and Masnavi Manavi

Homeyra Zomorodi; Mina Akbari Farahani

Volume 13, Issue 3 , December 2023, , Pages 1-20

https://doi.org/10.22059/jis.2023.362004.1209

Abstract

The discussion of moral virtues and vices is one of the common ideas in the moral and mystical beliefs of ancient Iran and India. According to the idea of dualism, vice traits are caused ... Read More

The Impact of Extension Foreign Relations on the Cultural Developments of Kermanshah in the Qajar Period (1285-1210.SH)

shirzad ehsan khah; monireh kazemi arshad; hassan Zandiyehh; manijeh sadri

Volume 13, Issue 3 , December 2023, , Pages 21-39

https://doi.org/10.22059/jis.2022.347264.1144

Abstract

During the Qajar period, due to the emergence and expansion of capitalism and the globalization of the economy, the country's border gates were opened to other countries. In the meantime, ... Read More

Imagology of Iranian Women in Raphael Du Mans’ Travelogue

Farzaneh Saniei; Ehsan Ghabool

Volume 13, Issue 3 , December 2023, , Pages 41-59

https://doi.org/10.22059/jis.2022.349844.1160

Abstract

This paper aims to study the image of Iranian women in the Safavid era within the work of French priest Raphael Du Mans entitled the Status of Iran in 1660 . This book is one of the ... Read More

The role of handicrafts on the level of employment of Baloch women and the advancement of the region's economy (case study: needlework of Iranshahr city)

Negar Avishi; Zahra Hosseinabadi; Marzieh Esfandiari

Volume 13, Issue 3 , December 2023, , Pages 61-79

https://doi.org/10.22059/jis.2022.349277.1156

Abstract

It can be acknowledged that needlework represents the authenticity of the Baloch people, the most well-known and important art of the people of Baluchistan. This beautiful art is sewn ... Read More It can be acknowledged that needlework represents the authenticity of the Baloch people, the most well-known and important art of the people of Baluchistan. This beautiful art is sewn in different cities of Sistan and Baluchistan province by the hands of Sistani and Baloch women, but the selection of Iranshahr city as the national city of needlework has given special importance to Baloch needlework of this city. Problems such as the sewing of Baloch needlework by foreign nationals and the danger of the authenticity of this valuable art, which is referred to as a national heritage, require a special look at this field. It is necessary to try to identify the problems that stand in the way of Baloch needlework in Iranshahr city and present the effective factors for increasing the employment of Baloch women in this city. What has been considered as the goal of this research is the study of factors affecting the employment of Baloch women in the field of needlework and its effect on the advancement of the region's economy. The required information of the research, which was conducted by descriptive-analytical method, was collected through library and field studies, and the questionnaire tool was also used. The statistical sample of the research is made up of needlewomen from Iranshahr city. After analyzing the obtained data, among the factors affecting the increase of employment of Baloch women in the field of needlework in Iranshahr city and as a result the economic advancement of the region, factors such as allocating fixed salaries to active needlewomen, Attracting the help of investors and setting up the supply chain of raw materials in Sistan and Baluchistan province and as a result reducing the production costs of needlework products and increasing employment in the province, guaranteeing the purchase of needlework products at a fair price , improvement of internet coverage in the villages of Iranshahr and so on.

Explanation and analysis of the role of sacred numbers in the creation of water in ancient Iran (Case Study: The Numbers Three and Seven)

hasan Atash Ab parvar; mohamadkarim yousefjamali; Esmaeil sangari; shokouh alsadat Arabi hashemi

Volume 13, Issue 3 , December 2023, , Pages 81-97

https://doi.org/10.22059/jis.2022.349712.1159

Abstract

How the universe was originally created and the creation of natural elements and their fit with numbers has always been of human interest. Although the myths of creation reflect the ... Read More

A new reading of the Pahlavi inscription in Mount Hossein (Naqsh-e Rostam 4)

Mohamadjavad Owladhoseyn; Mojtaba Doroodi

Volume 13, Issue 3 , December 2023, , Pages 99-113

https://doi.org/10.22059/jis.2023.348313.1150

Abstract

The subject of the current research is the reading of a new inscription in Mount Hossein, Fars province, Marvdasht Plain, near Naqsh-e Rostam. The discovery of this inscription took ... Read More

Revisiting the views of Muslim scholars on public policy-making in the field of Iranian Islamic architecture, with a focus on the case study of Farabi

majid ahmad pour

Volume 13, Issue 2 , September 2023, , Pages 1-14

https://doi.org/10.22059/jis.2023.354007.1178

Abstract

The present research aims to explore the significance of revisiting the opinions of Muslim scholars, particularly the prominent Muslim thinker Farabi, in relation to public policy-making ... Read More

Interaction of literature and development of geographical space (Case study of the period of Mahmud Ghaznavi, fifth centur)

fatemeh manavi; hosein dana; afshin mottaghi

Volume 13, Issue 2 , September 2023, , Pages 15-35

https://doi.org/10.22059/jis.2022.339522.1094

Abstract

The course of literary themes in different periods of Persian poetry shows that the relationship between literature and society is an inevitable and definite relationship. Literary ... Read More The course of literary themes in different periods of Persian poetry shows that the relationship between literature and society is an inevitable and definite relationship. Literary works are the product of social content and a mirror of the thoughts, culture and customs of society. One can find social equations for what is presented in the literature and show that there is a two-way relationship between literary topics and social, political, historical and cultural issues. For example, the reflection of geopolitical issues influenced by individual and religious nervousness arising from the political and governmental necessities of the time, in the interests of Islamic caliphs and authoritarian rulers of post-Islamic Iran, shows that court poets as one of the media. In order to strengthen the interests of the ruling political and religious currents, the prominent propagandists of the society have expressed themes in line with the communicated discourses, such as encouraging kings to open up the country and attacking other lands to spread the religion. Islam and Khulud have been the names of kings in the pages of history, as a result of which geographical space and, consequently, the accumulation of capital have brought to the rulers of the time. Therefore, considering the importance of this issue politically, geographically and socially and its manifestation in the way of thinking of court poets, we decided to study the issue from the perspective of the most prominent poets of the fifth century AH and the great conqueror of that era, Mahmoud Ghaznavi. Conclusion Show that based on the spirit of the Ghaznavid era of Iran, poets with ideological views, flattering behavior and flattery have taken important steps towards the idea of territorial expansion, politically and ideologically, and the king of the time in action They have helped with openness and territorial development, both psychologically and psychologically. It is worth mentioning that the present research is descriptive-analytical and has been done by library method.

The structure of verbal communication in modern Iranian society Hamid Khanian

Hamid Khanian

Volume 13, Issue 2 , September 2023, , Pages 37-52

https://doi.org/10.22059/jis.2022.342191.1118

Abstract

An effective and useful communication requires an expression that has a proper structure so that it does not threaten the dignity of the participants, and the strategies of Politeness ... Read More An effective and useful communication requires an expression that has a proper structure so that it does not threaten the dignity of the participants, and the strategies of Politeness in verbal exchanges are to establish a useful and effective communication by preserving the image of the participants and not threatening the reputation of the speaker and audience; However, contrary to the usual global practice in which the process of democratization of relations, reduction and elimination of differences between the level of participants and the tendency to equality and level, has prevailed, in our society today, it is observed that in some verbal interactions; Consciously or unconsciously, polite expressions, terms and words have been used too much of necessity and necessity, which in addition to violating Grace's "principle of quantity" and threatening the speaker's face, this assumption can also be considered probable. Which is for the purpose of flattery. However, for any purpose, the structure is inappropriate and speakers need to be both aware and have the right verbal communication skills to speak correctly, consciously and artistically in their verbal interactions and their speech has a structural balance, for this purpose in this article In addition to citing the results of the findings of other researchers in this field, in order to achieve a suitable and preferred structure, the conversations of the book "Tales of Amir Ali 1" which has 28 parts and 30 stories modern have been studied and while finding several related examples, and mentioning some One of them in a suitable place in the text of this article, based on the theory of Brown and Levinson Politeness and its , faces and indicators and capacities of pronouns, verbs and broad terms of Persian language and review and analysis of all data in a descriptive-analytical method for this question. What is the structure of polite and flattering expressions in verbal exchanges? And other possible questions related to the position have been answered appropriately and new tricks have been proposed that are unprecedented. That is, it is an innovative and new solution.

The nature of Western Iranology and its impact on the emergence and development of National Iranology

Mohammad Keshavarz

Volume 13, Issue 2 , September 2023, , Pages 53-73

https://doi.org/10.22059/jis.2022.344547.1121

Abstract

The set of studies about Iran, especially historical, literary, cultural, geographical, and linguistic studies, is called Iranology. A science that is four centuries old and was created ... Read More The set of studies about Iran, especially historical, literary, cultural, geographical, and linguistic studies, is called Iranology. A science that is four centuries old and was created by westerners. Iranology from the establishment of the first language schools to the establishment of Iranology in the world's major universities has passed great changes in these four centuries. In the twentieth century, some Iranians also entered the field of Iranology due to traveling to Europe and observing the work of orientalists and Iranologists, breaking the monopoly of Iranology of the west. The purpose of this study is to investigate the nature of western Iranology and how "National Iranology" was formed by using descriptive-analytical method. The achievements of this research show that on the one hand insufficient literacy of western Iranologists, Iranology influence project and biased expression of research results by Orientalists and Iranologists and on the other hand scientific presentation away from prejudice and bias by Iranian researchers, self-knowledge versus otherness, recognizing the cultural and historical capacities of Iran to the whole world, researchers' interest in research on Iran, and government support for Iranian studies has led to the formation of "National Iranology" in the contemporary century. Researchers such as Allameh Qazvini and Pourdavod, as the first National Iranologists, took very important steps in promoting the science of Iranology and others like Abbas Iqbal, Mojtaba Minavi, Iraj Afshar, etc. continued their path. The establishment of the Pahlavi Library in the 1340s is a turning point in Iranology. communication and cooperation with Iranology and Oriental Studies Centers, collaboration with Iranologists around the world, creating a special archive and library for Iranology, organizing World Congresses of Iranology, follow up on information and publications of world centers related to Iranian culture and provide services about Iranian culture and civilization such as: the establishment of new centers of Iranology, teaching Persian language in universities around the world and publishing journals of Iranology were among the most important tasks of Iranology in this library. Library officials sought to determine the general Iranian studies policies of all countries from Tehran. The next stage in the development of Iranology occurred in the 1380s. The establishment of the Iranology Foundation and the entry of Iranology into universities led to the further development and expansion of National Iranology.

The formation of Anjoman Eslamiyeh Tabriz (Tabriz Islamic Association) and its function during the Constitutional period (21 Muharram-17 Ramadan 1326 AH/24 Februrary-13 October 1908 A.D)

Noor al-Din Nemati; Jamal Pirehmard Shotorban

Volume 13, Issue 2 , September 2023, , Pages 75-95

https://doi.org/10.22059/jis.2022.350202.1164

Abstract

The constitutional movement was one of the most decisive events in the history of Iran. One of the consequences of constitutionalism was the formation of associations that worked in ... Read More The constitutional movement was one of the most decisive events in the history of Iran. One of the consequences of constitutionalism was the formation of associations that worked in various ways to support or criticize the constitution. "Anjoman-e Eslamiyeh" of Tabriz was one of these organizations, which in 1326 A.H., with the efforts of a group of Tabriz clerics, including Mir Hashem-e Davachi, was established in the vicinity of the gate of Sorkhab and the alley of Davachi/Shotorban. After the parliament was bombed by the king (Muhammad Ali Shah) the association became a supporter of the government. Despite the importance of the subject, so far no independent article has been written about the Anjoman-e Eslamiyeh, and the present article seeks to fill a part of the existing scientific gap. In addition, by criticizing the dominant view of Iran's constitutional history, the article has tried to adopt a new approach to constitutional critic associations, especially Anjoman-e Eslamiyeh, which is based on the review of sources.The establishment, continuity and fall of Anjoman-e Eslamiyeh raises the question of how and with what motivation the association was formed and what role did it play in the developments of Tabriz in the midst of the transition period? in this article, an attempt has been made to answer the above question with a descriptive-analytical approach and using the qualitative research method. The hypothesis of the current research is that Anjoman-e Eslamiyeh, which was formed from the religious, political, social and economic motives of the "Founders of Eslamiyeh", at the beginning of the so called "Estebdad-e Saghir" period, became a center of support for the government of MuhammadAli shah in Tabriz, but the conflict of opinions of the founders of Eslamiyeh along with the resistance of the people of Tabriz and their suspicion of the government forces, paved its way to collapse.AbstractThe constitutional movement was one of the most decisive events in the history of Iran. One of the consequences of constitutionalism was the formation of associations that worked in various ways to support or criticize the constitution. "Anjoman-e Eslamiyeh" of Tabriz was one of these organizations, which in 1326 A.H., with the efforts of a group of Tabriz clerics, including Mir Hashem-e Davachi, was established in the vicinity of the gate of Sorkhab and the alley of Davachi/Shotorban. After the parliament was bombed by the king (Muhammad Ali Shah) the association became a supporter of the government. Despite the importance of the subject, so far no independent article has been written about the Anjoman-e Eslamiyeh, and the present article seeks to fill a part of the existing scientific gap. In addition, by criticizing the dominant view of Iran's constitutional history, the article has tried to adopt a new approach to constitutional critic associations, especially Anjoman-e Eslamiyeh, which is based on the review of sources.The establishment, continuity and fall of Anjoman-e Eslamiyeh raises the question of how and with what motivation the association was formed and what role did it play in the developments of Tabriz in the midst of the transition period? in this article, an attempt has been made to answer the above question with a descriptive-analytical approach and using the qualitative research method. The hypothesis of the current research is that Anjoman-e Eslamiyeh, which was formed from the religious, political, social and economic motives of the "Founders of Eslamiyeh", at the beginning of the so called "Estebdad-e Saghir" period, became a center of support for the government of MuhammadAli shah in Tabriz, but the conflict of opinions of the founders of Eslamiyeh along with the resistance of the people of Tabriz and their suspicion of the government forces, paved its way to collapse.KeywordsConstitutionalism, Tabriz, Anjoman-e Eslamiyeh, Mir Hashem-e Davachi, Estebdad-e Saghir.

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Volume 15 (2025)

Volume 14 (2024)

Volume 13 (2023)

Volume 12 (2022)

Volume 11 (2021)

Volume 10 (2020)

Volume 9 (2019)

Volume 8 (2018)

Volume 7 (2017)

Volume 6 (2016)

Volume 5 (2016)

Volume 4 (2015)

Volume 3 (2014)

Volume 2 (2013)

Volume 1 (2011)

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