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hamid asadpour; Farajolah Ahmadi; hossein Eskandari
Abstract
Abstract
Migrations have had political, social, economic, and cultural effects, either intentionally or unintentionally. As the effectiveness of the migration phenomenon, especially in the cultural aspect, is one of the important and significant issues. As an important waterway, the Persian Gulf has ...
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Abstract
Migrations have had political, social, economic, and cultural effects, either intentionally or unintentionally. As the effectiveness of the migration phenomenon, especially in the cultural aspect, is one of the important and significant issues. As an important waterway, the Persian Gulf has been a meeting place of various cultures not only politically and economically, but also culturally. One of these cases is the generally unwanted migration of people of African descent, especially from the eastern parts of this continent, to the shores and rear shores of the Persian Gulf centuries ago and especially in the last two centuries. In addition to being influenced by the residents of these areas, this group has also had a deep impact on the culture of these areas. One of the most important of these effects is the formation and spread of a phenomenon called zar, which is considered one of the subcultures in these areas. In the term, zar is a kind of confusion and distress of people, which they considered to be the result of the actions of evil spirits. The formation and wide spread of the Zar phenomenon has many reasons. The basic question of this research is that what are the causes of the spread and continuation of the zar phenomenon in the shores and backshores of the Persian Gulf? It seems that the lack of a safe haven and the lack of logical reasoning to solve the problems of the residents of the shores and backshores of the Persian Gulf on the one hand and living with many problems in the southern regions of Iran, the many trips of sailors from these areas to the African coasts and the settlement of African descendants on the coasts On the other hand, the Persian Gulf has caused the spread and development of a phenomenon called Zar. Also, this phenomenon has had harmony and similarity with some cultural structures of these areas. This research has been done by relying on library sources and field observations and with descriptive analytical method.
Ali Rasooli
Abstract
In various historical periods, the peninsula of Bushehr has facilitated maritime communications in the middle of the northern coast of the Persian Gulf through important ports such as Lian, Rishehr, and Bushehr. However, from the sixth to the eighth century AH, it seems that this role transferred to ...
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In various historical periods, the peninsula of Bushehr has facilitated maritime communications in the middle of the northern coast of the Persian Gulf through important ports such as Lian, Rishehr, and Bushehr. However, from the sixth to the eighth century AH, it seems that this role transferred to the new port of Khurshif located within cape Shif. The present research studies the creation, operations, and decline of this port. It demonstrates that, during the sixth century, Khurshif was created due to its geographical position; that is because it was convenient to Shiraz, Kazeroon, and the Persian Gulf. Then, during the seventh and early eighth century, it played important roles in the connection between Fars and southern Iraq, the defense of the Kish Island, and the expansion of the Murshadi path. Finally, it deteriorated due to insecurity in the southern regions of the country and the shift of the centrality of the Persian Gulf sea power to New Hormuz (Jerun). The findings highlight the geographical importance of the cape Shif and illuminate a part of the history of marine activities around the peninsula of Bushehr during the Middle Ages of Iran.
