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nilofar mosavi; Hassan Zandiyeh; amirtymour rafiei; hamidreza safakish
Abstract
Abstractthe Belief in astronomical laws and the influence of heavenly objects on human life is the Iranian’s oldest beliefs. This belief is not only an important part of popular culture but also, it always had a lot of influence and expansion on government’s different levels. various aspects ...
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Abstractthe Belief in astronomical laws and the influence of heavenly objects on human life is the Iranian’s oldest beliefs. This belief is not only an important part of popular culture but also, it always had a lot of influence and expansion on government’s different levels. various aspects of political life and the society of the people in Qajar era are such as ,Using the rules of astrology in campaigns, making treaties, war and peace, sitting on the royal throne, hunting, traveling, shopping, trading, education, prayer, treatment of diseases, marriage, etc. Believing in the auspiciousness and bad luck of days was an important part of their beliefs and the effects of heavens; which was mixed with some religious rules over time. Such a belief created decisions, actions and knowledge in accordance with the traditional discourse of the society on the subject of astronomical rulings, which manifested itself in various aspects of political and social life. Therefore, the current research tries to answer this question, what were the socio-political foundations of the belief in good and bad luck from a historical perspective in this period, and what consequences did this issue have on the political and social life of Iranians during the Qajar era? This research has described, analysed and explained the traditional dominant discourse of the society with the constructivist methodology on the two levels of action and structure on the subject of good and bad luck days and its consequences from the view of superstition paradigm. Based on research findings, psychological factors such as fear, submission and fatalism along with scientific ignorance and resistance to new ideas, lack of organized education system, lack of public and government treatment services, political unrest, famine and economic problems, tyranny, The oppression and low status of women in this period had led to the spread of the belief in the bad themes, and the determination of good times in the calendars of this period played an effective role in the continuation and spread of this belief.
yahya bouzarinejad; Hossein Iranpour
Abstract
During the Safavid era, a branch of scholars left the natural method of ijtihad in jurisprudential derivation of Religious orders and turned to Akhbarism. The Safavid government, in the position of the claimant of Shiism - negatively or positively - was the focus of Shiite scholars; For this reason, ...
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During the Safavid era, a branch of scholars left the natural method of ijtihad in jurisprudential derivation of Religious orders and turned to Akhbarism. The Safavid government, in the position of the claimant of Shiism - negatively or positively - was the focus of Shiite scholars; For this reason, the study of scientific and social movements in this period is important. Examining the views of Mujtahids (Usulis) and Akhbaris leads us to the important point that the source and origin of the type of interactions and actions of each sect is in the way they look at the dignity of leadership for society, which the Usulis consider to belong to the comprehensive Mujtahid and the Shah (King) is required to obtain permission from him, but the Akhbaris have considered this dignity customary and have entrusted it to the people. Akhbaris' perception of the leadership of the society had consequences. This trend in a way fueled appearanceism and this made the progress of Islamic civilization decadent and fueled the autocracy of the Safavid kings. On the other hand, this school and its occurrence in the Safavid era caused the spread of superstitions and heresies in religious beliefs and practices, including religious disputes, the legitimacy of dreams, heresy in religious dates, especially mourning, as well as capturing the beliefs of Shiite saviorism. Attention to the position of intellectual and rational sciences in the Safavid period is also noteworthy, which by excluding it, the social consequences of Akhbarites are doubled. This article, considering the method of documentary analysis, seeks to examine various historical sources and documents in order to make its understanding in accordance with that era and new manifestations of positive and negative and sometimes destructive effects of the news flow on the course of Aryan history. To discover Islam and to depict the consequences that current had at the same time, and while explaining in detail their point of view, it also seeks to express its difference with the principled current..
