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Yosofali Beiranvand; Mina Khosravi
Abstract
The epic and mythological narratives of the Indo-Iranian peoples have been influenced by each other due to their common origins and long-standing cultural relations. The narrations of Rustam in Ferdowsi's Shahnameh and Ram in Ramayana have many similarities. It can be said that these two characters ...
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The epic and mythological narratives of the Indo-Iranian peoples have been influenced by each other due to their common origins and long-standing cultural relations. The narrations of Rustam in Ferdowsi's Shahnameh and Ram in Ramayana have many similarities. It can be said that these two characters are born of the long-term cultural relationship between Iran and India. Which of these two books was influenced by the other is hidden from us. We only know that the two characters of Rostam for Iranians and Ram for Indians have a special sanctity and show the magnificence of the epic hero in the mind. This research seeks to investigate the similar and different features of Rostam and Ram's stories with a comparative-analytical method. The similarities and differences between Rostam and Ram in summary are: 1- Birth prediction: Rostam's birth prediction by stars and Simorgh; But the birth of Ram was prophesied by Brahman. 2- Appearance beauty: Ram to have appearance beauty; But Rostam is described as tall and stout. 3- Loyalty to the king: Rostam occasionally shows his displeasure to the king; But Ram adheres to the king's covenant and... . The similar friends and enemies of Rostam and Ram are: 1- Afrasiab and Ravana are similar in that they seek power and have inherent evil. Except that Ravana is a demon. 2- White Devil and Raven are similar because they take hostages and the heroes have to fight with them to free the hostages. 3- Keikavus and Sita deceive the demon. 4- Zavareh and Lakashman are brothers and supporters of the hero. The difference between them is that Lakashman is with Ram in most of the events. 5- Tahmineh and Sita are the hero's wives who separated from the hero and gave birth away from him. The difference is that Sita did not hide the father's name from the her children.
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kaveh Ghanbari; Aliakbar Forati
Abstract
With the defeat of the authoritarian and centrist government of the Sassanids by the Muslim Arabs, the use of the Middle Persian language in the court and government organizations gradually faded and then disappeared. The Pahlavi language, which until then was the official language of the government ...
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With the defeat of the authoritarian and centrist government of the Sassanids by the Muslim Arabs, the use of the Middle Persian language in the court and government organizations gradually faded and then disappeared. The Pahlavi language, which until then was the official language of the government and the language of many works created at that time, gradually gave its place to the Arabic language, which was considered a sacred language in light of its sanctity of the Holy Quran. In such a situation, every writer in Iranshahr poured his mind and thoughts into the Arabic language, and the Arabic language became the language of the elite group of Iranian society and the language of contemporary culture. From writing letters in the courts to writing news and reviews, etc., everything was in Arabic. In this situation, Arab poets of Iranian origin who played the role of connecting Iranian cultural and literary traditions; They introduced the elements of Iranian culture into the Arabic language, one of the most prominent of which was the Iranshahri celebrations, which provided a platform for the rest of Iran's cultural traditions to be transferred through this channel. In the current research, Iranian festivals in the works of writers and poets of Yatima Al-Dahr book were examined with a literary-historical-social approach. The findings of this research show that Nowruz, Mehrgan, Sadeh, Ram, Afrijkan, and Khorroz festivals were celebrated in the order of their importance at that time. Nowruz, Mehrgan and Sadeh had more of an occasion aspect and were expressed as court celebrations; Although the Sadeh and its ruling atmosphere have been described more than Nowruz and Mehrgan; On the other hand, Ram, Afrijkan and Khorroz have been important among the masses of people. In addition, the influence of Iranian culture on Arabic poetry is evident, ranging from Iranshahri celebrations to the description of the components of Iranian culture such as nature, spring, flowers, colors, and music, etc.
